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people than ever can find an audience
time filled with disasters,
online, "conspiracy theories seem to be growing crazier by the day. We also tend to believe
in such things under increased stress, which is unfortunate because many of these ideas are
Some conspiracy theorists pride themselves on being "critical freethinkers," but a new
damaging our democracies and ourselves.
study showing a connection between lower critical thinking skills and increased conspiracy
(2)
theory belief suggests this may not be the case. "Conspiracy theories refer to attempts to
explain the ultimate cause of an important event (social, political, climatic, etc.) by accusing
a hidden group of perceived evil, powerful people or organizations of having secretly planned
and carried out these events," say Paris Nanterre University psychologist Anthony Lantian
and team in their paper.
two studies, the researchers tested the critical thinking skills of 338
a French version of the Ennis-Weir Critical Thinking Essay
Test. They then scored the students' tendencies towards conspiracy beliefs and their personal
Across
undergraduate students
(4)
the objective analysis and
assessment of their own critical thinking skills. Critical thinking.
evaluation of a situation
requires a collection of cognitive skills. These include the ability
to distinguish between relevant versus irrelevant information, think systematically, see other
perspectives, recognize and avoid logical *fallacies, look beyond the obvious, be aware of and
avoid biases, and change your mind in light of new evidence. "The more people believe in
conspiracy theories, the worse they perform on a critical thinking ability test," Lantian said.
"This test is characterized by an *open-ended format highlighting several areas of critical
thinking ability in the context of argumentation."
(6)
All this is not to say that those with high critical thinking skills can't also be sucked
into believing things that may not necessarily be true. The way (7) [is wired /a/ makes /
thinking/ social species / our / as] us very vulnerable to believing those we identify with as
part of our own cultural group- no matter how much education we have had that boosts
science literacy. Trust plays a massive role in who we believe. We also have a tendency to
believe each of us is above average at detecting misinformation, which can't possibly be true.
Researchers have also linked this need to feel special to greater belief in conspiracies.
Lantian and team point out that while their study suggests critical thinking lowers
Deople's chances of believing in untrue conspiracy theories, the findings don't determine if
(8)
(9)
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① 次の英文を読んで、下の設問に答えなさい。
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