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た次の英文を読み, 設問に答えなさい。
(学習院 法学部 2022年)
Society is everything. Many of us go through life thinking we are self-made
and self-sufficient. Some may credit (or blame) their families for
success or failure in life, but rarely do we think about (1) the bigger forces
(that determine our destinies -
the country we happen to be born in, the social
attitudes common at a particular moment in history, the institutions that
govern our economy and politics, and the randomness of just plain luck. These
wider factors determine the kind of society in which we live and are the most
important determinants of our human experience.
2 Consider an example of a life in which society plays a very (X) role. In
2004 I spent time with a family in the Ecuadorian Amazon*. Antonia, my host,
had twelve children, and her oldest daughter was about to give birth to her
first grandchild. They lived on the edge of the rainforest with no road,
electricity, clean water or sanitation*. There was a school, but a
considerable distance away, (Y) the children's attendance was irregular
However, Antonia was a community health worker and had access via radio* to
a doctor in a nearby town who could provide advice to her and others. Apart
from this service (arranged by a charity), she and her husband had to be
completely self-reliant
gathering food from the forest, educating their
children on how to survive in their environment. On the rare occasions when
they needed something they could not find or make themselves (like a cooking
pot), they searched for bits of gold in the Amazon, which they could exchange
for goods in a market at the end of a long journey by boat.
3 This may seem like a very extreme and distant example, but it serves to
remind us how accustomed we are to the things that living collectively gives
us infrastructure, education and health care, laws that enable markets in
which we can earn incomes and access goods and services. Antonia and her
daughter promised to name the baby (they were
Minouche, (2) which was
a great honour. I often wonder what kind of life that other Minouche will be
having as a result of being born in a very different society.
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The way a society is structured has profound consequences for the lives of
those living in it and the kinds of opportunity they face. It determines not
just their material conditions but also their well-being, relationships and
life
The structure of society is determined by institutions such
astical and legal systems, the economy, the way in which family and
community life are organized. All societies choose to have some things left
to individuals and others determined collectively. The rules governing how
? those collective institutions operate form what might be called the social
contract, which 1 believe is the most important determinant of the kinds of
lives we lead. Because it is so important and because most people cannot easily
leave their societies, the social contract requires (Z) of the majority and
necessary changes ás circumstances change.
VF
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⑤We are living at a time when, in many societies. people feel disappointed
by the social contract and (3) the life it offers them. This is despite the huge
gains in material progress the world has seen over the last 50 years. Surveys
Social contract people
