所有格についての質問です。 The distinctive mutations that fuel a person's cancer may result in its undoing. この its は a person's cancer を指していると思うのです... 続きを読む

赤線部分についてです。私は｢any species｣を｢いかなる種｣と訳したのですが、日本語訳や解説を見るに、"any species"は"a species"という意味を表してるそうです。今までanyにひとつの物を限定するイメージを持っておらず、調べてもあまり理解できなか... 続きを読む

2 Unit 20-Cognitive Linguistics- | 519 words / 筑波大 1 識別 One of the most important things that language does for us is help us make distinctions. implicitly, automatically all other When we call something edible, we distinguish it from - R オ 2 5 things that are inedible. When we call something a fruit, we necessarily distinguish it from vegetables, meat, dairy, and so on. 初期の人 組織した。彼らの精神と 基本的な私たちがまた 有効的に ② (1) Early humans organized their minds and thoughts around basic distinctions/that we still make and find useful. One of the earliest distinctions made was between now/and not-now; / these things are happening in the moment these other things happened in the past and are now in my memory. No other species makes this self-conscious distinction among past, present, and future. Of course many species respond to time by building nests, flying south, hibernating", 10 mating but these are preprogrammed, instinctive behaviors and these actions are not the 物体の永抂 result of conscious decision, meditation, or planning. 13 Simultaneous with an understanding of now versus before is one of (2) object permanence: Something may not be in my immediate view, but that does not mean it has ceased to exist. Our 存在をつかむではない? 何かはすぐには見えないかも brains represent objects that are here-and-now as the information comes in from our sensory 2 15 receptors For example, we see a deer and we know through our eyes that the deer is standing n& right before us! When the deer is gone we can remember its image and represent it in our mind's eve, or even represent it externally by drawing or painting or sculpting it. Jon 上の 4 This human capacity to distinguish the here-and-now from the here-and-not-now.showed up 初の記校 なだがここにあって、何がここにあったか at least 50,000 years ago in cave paintings. (3) These constitute the first evidence of any species on 芝援 識別 ひきる 120 earth being able to explicitly represent the distinction between what is here and what was here. In as other words those early cave-dwelling Picassos, through the very act of painting, were making a distinction about time and place and objects, an advanced cognitive operation we now call mental representation* And what they were demonstrating was an articulated sense of time: There was a deer out there (not here on the cave wall of course). He is not there now, but he was there before. 25 Now and before are different; here (the cave wall) is merely representing there (the meadow in front of the cave). This prehistoric step in the organization of our minds mattered a great deal. 5 In making such distinctions, (4) we are implicitly forming categories, something that is often す overlooked The formation of categories in humans is guided by a cognitive principle of wanting 多くの何報をできる! 325 h to encode as much information as possible with the least possible effort. Categorization systems optimize* the ease of conception and the importance of being able to communicate about those hibernate 冬眠する sensory receptor: 感覚受容器 (体の周囲の環境情報を感知する受容器の総称。 目、鼻、耳など) cognitive : 認識の mental representation 的表象(例えば人が「イヌ」を考えるとき、それは頭の中で文字でも映像でも 音でもない 何らかの形で思い描かれるが,この「頭の中の記号」のことを心的表象という) encode:・・・を記号化する optimize ... を最大限にする permeate : ･･･ に広がる 英 6 音

訂正が必要な下線部はどれか教えてください🙇‍♂️

It is a natural instinct, to want to make your children happy and protect them, of harm or pain. But that instinct, if not 3 tempered, also comes at a cost.

添削お願いします🙏🏻🌟

47 〈名詞+ that 節〉, 格なし that 次の英文の下線部を訳しなさい a The recently rediscovered insight that literacy is more than skill is based upon knowledge that all of us unconsciously have about language. We know instinctively that to understand what somebody is saying, we must understand more than the surface meanings of words; we have to understand the context as well.

20の問題で時を表す副詞節なので現在形になるのはわかるのですが ①じゃだめな理由は何ですか？ 答えは②です

(20) After you ( ) the project, you will be transferred to the main office. 2 have completed ①completes will have completed 4 completing (21) Daniel is punctual by nature, so he is sure to turn ( ) on time.

赤線部、140per増加して20perってどゆことですか？ 元々−120perだったんですか？

Lesson 10 文構造の分析 V 1 (As the world becomes more interconnected), it is increasingly apparent 仮S V 変化を表す表現 「比例」のas 否定語による倒置 2 C (that bilingualism is the rule and not the exception). Not only do some S S' V' C' countries support bilingual populations (because of cultural and linguistic S V O diversity [within its citizenry]), but also increased global mobility has enlarged the number of people [who have become bilingual] (at all levels of society). S V 研究 report の形 3 (For example), a recent survey of language use in the United States reported 〈that approximately 20% of the population spoke a non-English language (at 0 S V O' V home), a proportion [that has increased by 140% since 1980]). * These numbers approximately 20% of the populationの同格 5 固有名詞→具体例 are higher (when considering world figures): David Crystal estimates { that V S 0 育っていると推定している。 interconnected 形 互いにつながった, 関連している / apparent 明らかな/ rule 当たり前のこと/exception 名 例外/bilingual 形 2か国語が使える/ citizenry 各国民/mobility 移動性 / enlarge 拡大する 増大させる/level of society 社会水準/ survey 名 調査/ approximately およそ (=about) / proportion 名 割合 figure 名 (通例 figures で) 数値 / estimate 推定する/ represent 相当する/raise 育てる 文法・構文 文頭As は, becomes/more/increasingly など 「変化を表す表現」がある ので、「比例(~するにつれて)」の意味だと予想できます。 not only という 「否 定の副詞句」が文頭に置かれたため、その後ろの文は「疑問文の語順」に倒置さ れています。またandは形容詞2つ (cultural / linguistic) を結び、どちらも名詞 diversity にかかっています。 a proportion that ~ は approximately 20% of the populationの同格で,この人口比に補足説明を加えています。また、ここでのby は 「差 (~の分だけ)」 を表し、 「140%分増加」ということです。 【参考 (完全に 受験レベルを超えている内容なのでスルーしてOK)】 最後のa proportion that has increased by 140% since 1980 が, reported that ~ の that節に含まれるか 含ま れないかは,どちらにも判断できます。 とりあえずここでは(受験生にとって簡 単なので)最後まで含めた形で構文をとっています。 もしat homeで終わってい ると考えると,「調査で報告された内容が “約20%の人が~"」 のみで、その後の 同格 a proportion 以降は筆者による補足説明と考えられます。 when 以下は、 分 詞構文 considering ~ の前に接続詞whenが残った形です。 固有名詞 David Crystal に注目すると,この文は「具体例」 だと判断できます。 「世界全体でのバ イリンガルの人々の割合が高い」ということを具体的に説明しています。 <this + 名詞> → まとめ表現 使用後は必ずキャップを閉めてく 171 C bilingualism [that includes English and another language] represents about 235 S V' 0' イコール表現 イコール表現 million people worldwide> and < that two thirds of the children [in the world] are raised (in bilingual environments) S' V 世界が相互の結びつきを強めるにつれて, バイリンガル能力がむしろ当たり前 のものである [直訳:当たり前のもので例外ではない]ということがますます明白 になっている。国民の中に文化および言語の多様性があるという理由でバイリ ンガルの人々を支えている国があるだけでなく、世界中を移動しやすくなったこ とにより、あらゆる社会水準において、 バイリンガルになった人の数が増加して きてもいる。たとえば、アメリカ合衆国における言語使用の最近の調査による と、人口の約20%が, 家では英語以外の言語を話しており、この割合は1980年 から140%増加したということだ。世界全体の数字はもっと高いものである。 デイビッド・クリスタルは, 英語ともう1つの言語という2か国語を使う人は世 界中で約2億3500万人に相当し、 世界の子どもの3分の2はバイリンガル環境で 7 6 2 (Recently), evidence [indicating that this common experience has a S S V systematic and significant impact (on cognitive functioning)>] has accumulated. 過去を表す表現 / assume 対比を予想 O' V (For many years) it was assumed that (while bilingualism might be an asset 饭S V S (S) (V) (C) (for adults) — in terms of culture, travel, and trade, for example-) it was a SV S₁ handicap (for children) (in the educational system)). The idea was learning (in two languages) imposed an additional burden (on schoolchildren [who must learn two vocabularies, two sets of grammar, and probably two sets that S V C 0 C' of cultural habits and expectations])〉

意味が通るように誤りを直す問題です。教えて欲しいです。

Not only did the country become economically successful, but its citizens achieved some level of psychological unity as a people, despite the fact that they became consisted of several distinct ethnic groups.

添削お願いします🙇🏻‍♀️՞ 写真は左から、原文、問題、自分の解答です。 模範解答は、 D.Why don't you ask my mother and grand mother? E.They will tell you more about my red kimono... 続きを読む

(Nana is showing Kate a photo at home.) Kate: You are wearing a red kimono in this photo. Nana: Thank you. My mother took it at my uncle's wedding. Kate: The flower pattern on your kimono is amazing. Nana: That's true. It's my family's precious kimono. Kate: Why is the kimono precious? Nana: Actually, is bought my grandmother I this the kimono ] for my mother thirty years ago. Kate: Oh, you used your mother's kimono. Nana: Yes, but she gave it to me last year. So the kimono is ( @). Kate: Why did your mother give it to you? Nana: This red kimono has long sleeves. She thinks this kind of kimono is for young people, so she doesn't wear it now. Kate: I have a ( ℗ ) experience. My mother has a nice dress in her closet, but she doesn't wear it. I always wear it when I go to birthday parties. Nana: I'm sure your friends like the dress. Kate: Thanks. When I wear it, ⠀ Nana: : The designs of old clothes are different from the new ones, right? み Kate: Yes! I think wearing used clothes is fun. ( © ), wearing other people's clothes isn't easy because of the size. Actually, my mother's dress was large for me, so she adjusted it. Who adjusted your kimono? Nana: B Sonimom vis ns diwalls of WH Kimono has a simple shape, so it can be used easily by different people. Kate: Interesting. Kimono is not only beautiful but also functional. Nana: Right, so I love kimono. I'm glad to give my red kimono a new life. Kate: C Nana: If I wear my red kimono, it will have more chances to get out of the closet like your mother's dress. Kate: That's a good idea to use the kimono again. smozgnilos ayoung H Nana: I'll wear it on special days!

内容面、文法面から英文を添削する問題で、a がいらない理由がわかりません。解説お願いします。

Not only did the country become economically successful, but its citizens achieved some level of psychological unity as a people, despite the fact that they became consisted of several distinct ethnic groups.

英語のこの問題の解答をおしえてほしいです。おねがいします！

・あなたは、外国人の知り合い (Jake) から、Eメールで質問を受け取りました。 この質問にわかりやすく答え る返信メールを、【 】に英文で書きなさい。 ・あなたが書く返信メールの中で、 Jake のEメール文中の下線部について,あなたがより理解を深めるため 下線部の特徴を問う具体的な質問を2つしなさい。 ・あなたが書く返信メールの中で【 】に書く英文の語数の目安は 40語~50語です。 解答は、解答用紙の裏面にあるEメール解答欄に書きなさい。なお、解答様の外に書かれたものは採点され ません。 ・解答が Jake のEメールに対応していないと判断された場合は、0点と採点されることがあります。Jake の E メールの内容をよく読んでから答えてください。 Hi! 】 の下の Best wishes, の後にあなたの名前を書く必要はありません。 Guess what! My parents gave me a camera for my birthday last week. I was very happy because I'd never ow ned a camera before. I take photos with it every day. I'll take a picture of you the next time I see you. Taking photos is great fun, but my camera has too many functions. I don't know how to use them all. Do you think cameras will become more popular in the future? Your friend, Jake Hi, Jake! Thank you Best wishes, for your e-mail.