赤線部分についてです。私は｢any species｣を｢いかなる種｣と訳したのですが、日本語訳や解説を見るに、"any species"は"a species"という意味を表してるそうです。今までanyにひとつの物を限定するイメージを持っておらず、調べてもあまり理解できなか... 続きを読む

2 Unit 20-Cognitive Linguistics- | 519 words / 筑波大 1 識別 One of the most important things that language does for us is help us make distinctions. implicitly, automatically all other When we call something edible, we distinguish it from - R オ 2 5 things that are inedible. When we call something a fruit, we necessarily distinguish it from vegetables, meat, dairy, and so on. 初期の人 組織した。彼らの精神と 基本的な私たちがまた 有効的に ② (1) Early humans organized their minds and thoughts around basic distinctions/that we still make and find useful. One of the earliest distinctions made was between now/and not-now; / these things are happening in the moment these other things happened in the past and are now in my memory. No other species makes this self-conscious distinction among past, present, and future. Of course many species respond to time by building nests, flying south, hibernating", 10 mating but these are preprogrammed, instinctive behaviors and these actions are not the 物体の永抂 result of conscious decision, meditation, or planning. 13 Simultaneous with an understanding of now versus before is one of (2) object permanence: Something may not be in my immediate view, but that does not mean it has ceased to exist. Our 存在をつかむではない? 何かはすぐには見えないかも brains represent objects that are here-and-now as the information comes in from our sensory 2 15 receptors For example, we see a deer and we know through our eyes that the deer is standing n& right before us! When the deer is gone we can remember its image and represent it in our mind's eve, or even represent it externally by drawing or painting or sculpting it. Jon 上の 4 This human capacity to distinguish the here-and-now from the here-and-not-now.showed up 初の記校 なだがここにあって、何がここにあったか at least 50,000 years ago in cave paintings. (3) These constitute the first evidence of any species on 芝援 識別 ひきる 120 earth being able to explicitly represent the distinction between what is here and what was here. In as other words those early cave-dwelling Picassos, through the very act of painting, were making a distinction about time and place and objects, an advanced cognitive operation we now call mental representation* And what they were demonstrating was an articulated sense of time: There was a deer out there (not here on the cave wall of course). He is not there now, but he was there before. 25 Now and before are different; here (the cave wall) is merely representing there (the meadow in front of the cave). This prehistoric step in the organization of our minds mattered a great deal. 5 In making such distinctions, (4) we are implicitly forming categories, something that is often す overlooked The formation of categories in humans is guided by a cognitive principle of wanting 多くの何報をできる! 325 h to encode as much information as possible with the least possible effort. Categorization systems optimize* the ease of conception and the importance of being able to communicate about those hibernate 冬眠する sensory receptor: 感覚受容器 (体の周囲の環境情報を感知する受容器の総称。 目、鼻、耳など) cognitive : 認識の mental representation 的表象(例えば人が「イヌ」を考えるとき、それは頭の中で文字でも映像でも 音でもない 何らかの形で思い描かれるが,この「頭の中の記号」のことを心的表象という) encode:・・・を記号化する optimize ... を最大限にする permeate : ･･･ に広がる 英 6 音

かっこに不適なものを選ぶ問題です。解説お願いします🙏

( ), the committee proceeded to ratify the resolution despite widespread skepticism among external observers. A Having been apprised of the potential sociopolitical repercussions B Being cognizant of the contentious nature of the proposal C Having cautioned about the inherent methodological flaws D Informed repeatedly of the divergent expert opinions E Recognizing the urgency of the escalating situation

かっこに不適なものを選ぶ問題です。解説お願いします🙏

The director insisted that every member of the cast ( ), regardless of their previous experience or reputation in the industry. A attend the full rehearsal schedule without exception B be prepared to revise their performance based on feedback C should familiarize themselves with the historical context of the play D attends the additional workshops arranged by the production team E not be influenced by external criticism during the process

左上の文で、orが繋いでいるのはa problemとwishesだと思ったのですが、正解はhasとwishesでした。なぜ前者の方ではダメなのですか？

⑩ 従属節は[]に入れて構造をつかめ 次の英文の下線部を訳しなさい The Western way of thinking is analytical. If a Westerner has a problem, or wishes to discuss a complex subject, he tries to analyse it. He tries to break the problem or the subject down into separate parts. putoinmos alumin しかし、 ① に if をつけて② に接続させ, 元の文に戻すと [If 〜] の部分は「もし~ なら」という条件を示す副詞 (主に動詞を修飾)の性格を持ちます。 このように副詞の 役割を持つ節を「副詞節」と言いますが, if がついたために,これ自体では独立した 文とは言えなくなってしまいましたね。いわば副詞に格下げされた節なので 「従属節」 と呼び,②は文として独立可能ですから 「主節」 と言います。 この「主節」と「従属 「節」の関係を図示すると,以下の3つのタイプになります。 toriita (1) [接続詞 + S + V + X], S + V + X. 例題のタイプ mogl (2) S+V+ X [接続詞 + S + V + X] . (桜美林大) 解 「節」――よく耳にする言葉ですね。 節は文の一部としてまとまった意味を表 法 それ自体の中に 「SV」 を含む単位を言うのでしたね。and, but, or, nor, for, so などを等位接続詞と呼び, その前後の節 (SVX) を等位節と言います。 SVX (等位節) / and SVX (等位節) 後、第2文 等位接続詞の前でピリオドを打つと,それぞれ独立した文になります。 一方, when, if, as, because, though などのほとんどの接続詞を従属接続詞と言いますが,な ぜ 「従属」と言うのでしょうか。 例題の下線部, 第2文で考えてみましょう。 [If a Westerner (接) もし~なら 西洋人が を持つある 問題 has a problem, S Vt 1 ~したいと思う or wishes について話し合う 複雑なテーマ <別文金) (to discuss a complex subject)], Vt 2 → (不) (Vt) (3) S+V, [接続詞 + S + V + X], X. S, [接続詞 + S + V + X], V + X. 「副詞」の性質から (3) のように,時には主節の中に割り込むタイプもあります。 こ の課のテーマは,このように副詞節を[ ]でくくり、主節と区別して修飾関係を つかむことです。 従属節 If ~ subject を [ ]でくくると,副詞としての文の一部になり, 主節の述 部を修飾していることがわかりますね。 第1文, 第3文については,従来通り前置詞句を( )でくくり, SV を決めて けば、簡単に文の骨格がつかめるはずです。 《全文訳〉 西洋の考え方は,分析的である。 もし西洋人がある問題を抱えたり, 複雑なテーマについて話し合いたいと思う場合は, (西洋人は) それを分析しよう とするのである。 その問題や課題を個々の部分に分解しようと努めるのである。 西洋人は~しようとする を分析しそれ he tries (to analyse it). S Vt 0 (不) (Vt) (0) 演習 10 次の英文の下線部を訳しなさい。 (解説・解答 別冊: p.6) [If ~ ] の部分からIf を除いてみましょう。 bans ai burois quibrell A Westerner has subject. (①) shioinobomeA となり, SVをそなえた独立した文ですね。一方, カンマ以下も独立した文です。 He tries to analyse it. (②) ニアークすると出産しない bran 分析する / break O down into N 「OをNに分解する 」 例題:語句 analytical 形分析的な/a complex subject 複雑なテーマ/ analyse [Vt] を When I speak of internationalization, I do not mean the changing of external life styles but the development of internal new attitudes. Our motivations must be in step with the conditions of the time. (大手前女子短大) 演習:語句 internationalization 图 国際化 / external 形外面上の/ internal 内面的 な / attitude 態度/motivation 動機づけ / in step with N 「Nと調和して」

正誤問題です。本文と一致してたらa一致しないならbを選ぶ問題で、bだと思ったらaが正解でした。 わたしは本文中のthanは以上ではなく、○○より大きいと教わったので75-85dBより大きいつまり86dbから音圧レベルに長期間さらされると〜と思ってらbを選んだのですがなぜaに... 続きを読む

Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by a single exposure to an intense impulse sound (such as gunfire), or by long-term exposure to sound pressure levels higher than 75-85 dB e.g., in industrial settings. The trends in prevalence of tinnitus in Europe are particularly worrving - a 2021 Article

My purpose is to suggest a cure for the ordinary day-to-day unhappiness from which most people in civilized countries suffer, and which i... 続きを読む

measuredとexposuresの意味を辞書で調べても、解説の訳に載っているように訳せません。 どうやって訳せばいいかや訳す時の考え方を教えて欲しいです🙇‍♀️

返信 The reviewers included studies of children aged 6 to 19 years that 再調査を行った人でた measured exposures to portable media like tablets and smartphones, but 測定した excluded studies that looked at television, personal computers or sources 除外する 研究 of electromagnetic *radiation. In total, the included studies covered more on.):

過去問です この紫のマーカーの意味と一文の訳を教えて欲しいです！

INT: It's an active vs. a passive engagement issue? (D) Kang: Absolutely. There's also a new area of memory research that looks S vð at our ability to remember things if we know the information is (E) stored externally, for example, on a computer. The idea here is that our "working memory"-what we're focusing on at any given has a limited capacity. If we exceed that capacity by. example moment

この緑のマーカーで引いているのってどういう意味ですか？

the route INT: It's an active ys a passive engagement issue? sue Kang: Absolutely. There's also a new area of memory research that looks - at our ability to remember things if we know the information is (E) stored externally, for example, on a computer. The idea here is that our "working memory"-what we're focusing on at any given moment has a limited capacity. If we exceed that capacity by, say, paying attention to five things at once, we might try to unload some of that remembering to external storage. And if we begin to have an expectation that the information is always at our fingertips, we might not keep the information in our mind very carefully when we do encounter it.

Cの訳が⑹になるんですけど、exposure 暴露　が和訳の中では「自分の周囲で伝達のために用意られている言語に、、、」のあたりに当たると思うんですがどうしてこのように訳してるかよくわかりません

A child who reaches the age of surroundings) is a rare exception indeed. (C) All this learning takes place without any formal teaching, as a result of a child's innate language acquisition abilities and his exposure to the language being used for communication around him. Without special lessons or drills, he gains the basic control of his language. It is usually only when he is five or six years old that society chooses to help him in an organized consider language