左はエステル化と呼びますが、右はアミド化と言いますか？

IME + O 000 H エステル説明 1 ester O R₁-C-O-R2 エステル HOOD HD & アミド amide OHHO: A R-C-N-R2 アミド 1水分子が とれるHOOOHO 5000 水分子が (ii) ○○はカルボン酸から R-C-OH H-O-R2 O || R₁-C-OH カルボン酸 アルコールや フェノール類 ませ とれる H H-N-R₂ カルボン酸 アミン 16

ポリアミドとポリペプチドのちがいって何ですか？ また、3枚目の(イ)はポリペプチドでは正解になりませんか？

1 合成繊維 家庭 Beginning *p.384 A ポリアミド系合成繊維 ポリアミド アミド結合 -NH-CO- をもつ化合物をアミドという。 分子内 amide にアミド結合をくり返しもつポリマーをポリアミ Note polyamide ポリアミドの構造 ドといい,ジアミンとジカルボン酸の縮合重合, あ アミド結合の部分で分子間に 水素結合(p.12) を形成するた るいは環状アミドの開環重合により得られる。 め、強度を示す。 C=O... H-N

ナイロンは分子間に水素結合をするため強度が強いと問題集にありました。どこに水素結合がありますか？

A 縮合重合開環重合による合成繊維 -p.354 る高分子化合物をポリアミドという。このとき, アミンのNH2とか ●ポリアミド系繊維 多価アミンと多価カルボン酸の縮合重合で得られ ルボン酸のCOOH の脱水縮合によって, アミド結合 -NH-CO- がで polyamide アミド結合 もつ きている。鎖状のポリアミドを繊維にしたものをポリアミド系繊維と いう。 (1) ナイロン 66 ヘキサメチレンジアミン H2N- (CH2)6-NH2とアジ エン酸 HOOC-CH2) 4-COOH の縮合重合によって, 鎖状の高分子化合 1 物であるナイロン66(6,6-ナイロン)が得られる。 sunylon p.397 コラム "H-N-CH2)6-N-H + "HO-C-(CH2)4-C-OH T H I ce (C63 C650 H メチレンジアミン アジピン酸 -CH2 NH₂ アミド結合 縮合重合 -N-(CH2)6-N-C+(CH2)4-C+ | || H HO ナイロン66 △実験 21 ナイロン66をつくってみよう(p.399)。 (2)ナイロン6 環状のアミドであるカプロラ クタムに少量の水を加えて加熱すると,環がア ミド結合の部分で開いて次々と結合し、鎖状の 高分子化合物である ナイロン6 が得られる。 3 かいかん また,このような重合方法を開環重合という。 + 2H2O (1) 図3 釣り糸(ナイロン) ring-opening polymerization CH2 H2C CH2 +H₂O +C-(CH2)5-N+ nH2C. CH2 II (2) 開環重合 0 H N+C カプロラクタム HO ナイロン 6 環状 15 単量体のアミンのC原子の数が6, カルボン酸のC原子の数が6であることから、順 に数字を並べてナイロン66 とよばれる。 (1)式の右辺を,分子の両端のH-OH を明示して,次のように書くこともできる。 H+NH-(CH2)6-NH-CO-(CH2)CO+, OH + (2n-1)H2O 通常, nは非常に大きいので,本書では分子の両端を無視して (1) 式のように書く。 3 ナイロン6 の製造法は, 1941年に日本で開発された。 398 第5編 高分子化合物

（4）の thisをある語に置き換えるという問題で模範解答はboiling （their potatoes/them）ですが to boil their potatoesではダメですか？

東京 suggesting a risk linked to, cooking some starchy foods in the microwave, including PANAS cereals and root vegetables. nová nayo si lo era When Betty Schwartz, professor of nutritional sciences at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, saw her students heating jacket potatoes in the microwave on their lunchbreaks, she noticed small crystals inside their potatoes. rob When she analysed them, she found they were high in the chemical acrylamide, which can be a natural by-product of cooking. Schwartz asked her students to boil their potatoes instead, and found that this didn't create acrylamide, which she says forms in higher temperatures in the microwave. all not ber pb This is a concern because animal studies have shown that acrylamide acts as a carcinogen because it interferes with cell's DNA, but evidence in humans is limited. There is some research to suggest that microwaves are more favourable to the growth of acrylamide than other methods of cooking. "At 100°C (212°F), there's enough energy to alter the automatic joints between molecules to produce a molecule with much higher energy, which can react with DNA, which induces mutations," says Schwartz. "When you have many mutations it can produce cancer." Animal studies have shown this to be the case with acrylamides. 英語 9 the microwave. One way around this is to soak the potatoes in water before putting them in db.cl tenia ng berig adi wad 14 nos

答え4だったのですが何故ですか？

たo/@Ve/ YOの bee ]ast 200 years, people have begun to live longer and longer. This trend more_economnically developed countries。and for some time there Was a growng gap _between_the average_length of jife in rich countries and poor countries/Oyer the Dast few decades、however。 many Poor countries have also made improvements and they are now close to catching up with the wealthier ones. As a result every year there is a 8rowing number of older people in countries all over the world. It is a good thing that people are living longer, but it does have some diffcult aSpects. One of these is that more and more people are suffering from diseases aSsociated with getting older. The number of cases of high blood pressure, heart disease, cancer, and other inesses is increasing, In Australia, for instance。 a recent report said fhat people, on average, live 25 years longer than fhey did a hundred years ago.| Now, there are many more people suffering from serious illnessesOne consequence 3S that each year countries have to spend more and more on medical care foOr Older People. 4 IMany governments have begun to promote healthier lifestyles fo young people, such as losing weight and exercising regularly。as a Way to preventiSerious illnesses、 However as the body gets older, even people who haw have lived healthily are Hikely to become 井. Recentiy。research has begun 10 shoW that 了 this is the result of people's DNA gsetting older. When DNA breaks down, Important iR to control the body's functions is lost. Eventually, serious imesses mmay OCCUT However, David Sinclair,a researcher at the University oNew South Wales im Australia,、 is working on a way to keep DNA healthy。 He used a chemical called nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) to see 辻 he could reduce the efects of age on mice. Mice thaf were given NMN became stronger and healthier than they, had been Showing that the chemical was effective./He believes that one day this Lco both longer and make a medicine_for_hunaans. In this Way, Old people may be able to 1 healfhier lives.

30番が4番になるのが分かりません どこから分かりますか？

たo/@V@/ YOu/9 Over the 1ast 200 years, people have begun fo Hive longer. and longer. This trend began in the more economically developed countries。and for some time there was a growing gap_between the_average_length of life in rich countries and poor countries/Oyer the past few decades、 however, many Door countries have also made improvements and they are now close to catching up With the wealthier ones. As a result。 every year there js a growing number of older people in countries all over the World. It is a good thing that people are living longer, but it does have some df折cult aspects. One of these is that more and more people are suffering 所orn diseases aSSociated with getting older. The number of cases of high blood pressure, heart disease。 cancer。 and other illnesses is increasing/ m Australia, for instance, 2 Tecent rcpomt said fhat people, on average, live 25 years longer than they did a hundred ) ow。 there RY more people suffering from serious illnesses/One coi have to spend more and more on medical care for o Many governments have begun to promote as losing weight and exercising regularly, Sa as fhe body gets older, even people who have Recently, research has begun to show that 人 older. When DNA breaks down, inmportant inform lost. Eventually, serious illnesses may occuki 舞 However。 David Sinclair。a TeSe の Australia、is working on a way 0 nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) IMice that Were given NMNb that the chemical was effctive _make a medicine_for_hummans. healthier liVes.