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[At the turn of the twentieth century, a remarkable horse (named
Hans) was paraded [through Germany] [by his owner Wilhelm von
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Osten, a horse trainer and high-school mathematics teacher. Not
only could "Clever Hans" understand complex questions (put to him
同格のカンマ 「すなわち」
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in plain German)
構文図解
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過去分詞の名詞修
[If Tuesday falls on the eighth of the month
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- but he could answer them by
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what date is the following Friday?"
not only A but (also) B S
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tapping out the correct number] [with his hoof]. [Using this simple
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with 「~を使って」
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response], it appeared [that Hans could add, subtract, multiply, and
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add, subtract, multiply, divide
divide, tell the time, understand the calendar, and both read and
add ~ divide, tell the time, understand the calendar, both words
spell words]. Suspicious, the German board (of education) appointed
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Being 省略の分詞構文
a commission, (including circus trainers, veterinarians, teachers, and
0 「~を含んだ」 M circus trainers, veterinarians, teachers, psychologists
psychologists), to investigate the situation. Surprisingly, they
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concluded [in 1904] <that no trick was involved>. This did not satisfy
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名詞節のthat
the board, and the case was passed [to psychologist Oskar Pfungst)
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[for experimental investigation]. [Braving both the horse's and
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名詞節のthat
observer of human behavior >.
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owner's notoriously bad tempers], Pfungst finally was able to
分詞構文 「~して」
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demonstrate <that Hans was no mathematician, but rather a fine
not[no] A but (rather) B[ATTB
20 t
を使っ
教育
