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legally as a *trophy. In 2003, a lone hunter killeda rhino on a legal safari in
South Africa and brought it back to Asia. Dozens of poachers soon followed.
The sound of rifles being fired could be heard in the dark forest just as
each paying $50,000 for a hunt. It seems like a lot to pay, but poachers can
Damien Mander arrived at his campfire after a long day training *game ranger
make as much as $200,000 in profits by selling a pair of horns on *the black
recruits in Zimbabwe's Nakavango *game reserve. "There, near the eastern
market.
boundary," he pointed. He and his rangers grabbed their guns, radios, and
ull
Many officials in Vietnam are fighting back against reports that the country
medical kits. They then drove into the night, hoping to stop the shooter.
is the main market for rhino horn, stating that rhino horn bound for Vietnam
(21)
And so goes a night on the front lines of southern Africa's ruthless * rhino
is merely in transit for another country. Do Quang Tung, deputy director of
war, which has seen more than a thousand rhinos killed since 2006. At the
CITES Managing Authority in Vietnam, said the country "could not be the main
bloody heart of this conflict is the rhino's horn, a prized ingredient in traditional
market for South African rhino horn," claiming that the majority of Vietnamese
Asian medicine. Prices range from $33 to $133 a gram, which at the top end is
people would not be able to ( 26 ) rhino horn. Even if there is an emerging
double the price of gold.
group of people who can ( 26 ) it, he thinks it is too small to make the country
Although the range of the two African species 一 the white rhino and its
a significant consumer. Professor Dang Huy Huynh, chairman of the Vietnam
smaller cousin, the black rhino- has been reduced primarily to southern Africa
Zoological Society, says that rhino horn has never been a popular ingredient in
and Kenya, their populations had shown signs of improvement. In 2007 white
traditional medicine.
rhinos numbered 17,470, while blacks had nearly doubled to 4,230 since the mid
Recently, there has been a renewed interest in the unproven belief that rhino
90s.
horn has healing power. For at least 2,000 years, Asian medicine has prescribed
For conservationists these numbers represented a triumph. In the 1970s
rhino horn to reduce fever and treat a range of illnesses, but the handful of
22
and '80s, *poaching had nearly caused the two species to become extinct. Ther
studies which have been conducted on rhino horn have not found any proof that
China banned rhino horn from traditional medicine, and Yemen forbade its ust
it can reduce fever. The newest rumor is that it cures cancer, but doctors say
in ceremonial knife handles. All signs pointed to better days. But in 2008 th
the proof is nonexistent一 no research has been published on the horn's efficacy
23)
number of poached rhinos in South Africa shot up to 83, from just 13 in 200'
as a cancer treatment. But even if rhino horn is not an effective cure for
anything, let alone cancer, that doesn't mean it has no effect, says Mary Hardy.
By 2010 the figure had soared to 333, followed by over 400 in 2011. Most of th
27)
medical director of Simms/Mann UCLA Center for Integrative Oncology. "Belief
horn trade was found to lead to Southeast Asia.
in a treatment, especially one that is wildly expensive and hard to get, can have
*Javan rhinos once lived in Vietnam's forests. ( 24 ) It had a bullet
a powerful effect on how a patient feels," she says.
its leg and its horn had been removed.
In any event, John Hume believes no rhinos need to die to supply the rhino
Even with the rhinos gone, rhino horn can still be found in Vietnam. This
28
25
horn to those who want it. The 69-year-old * entrepreneur has acquired one of
because South African law, which complies with the Convention on Internatio
the largest privately-owned rhino herds in the world, and currently has more
Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), allowS a rhino's horn to be expor
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