signaling が現在分詞でなく、動名詞なのってどこで判別できますか？ あと、動名詞にも不定詞のような｢〜のための｣などの用法があるんでしょうか？

4 演習4 (問題→本冊:p.9) A human language is a signalling system. As its materials, it uses vocal sounds. It is important to remember that basically a language is something which is spoken: the written language is secondary and derivative. 【全文訳】 人間の言語は合図をするための体系である。それは道具として音声を使う。 本質的には言語は口から出た言葉ということを思い起こすことは重要である。書き 言葉は二次的で派生的である。 【解説】 be 動詞と結合する文の主要素は第1文の system(名詞), 第3文の important (形容詞)と something (代名詞), :(=コロン)の後に続く secondary と derivative(と もに形容詞)。 第1文の signalling は動名詞で,for signalling 「合図をするための」の意味。 第2文冒頭のAS は materials を目的語とする前置詞で, its, it はともに前文のA human language 「人間の言語」 を指す。 uses は他動詞で, sounds が目的語。 第3文の It は形式主語(→ 48課)で, to remember spoken が真主語(3D具体 的内容)。remember の直後の thatは接続詞で, that spoken までの名詞節は remember の目的語。「…ということを思い起こす(こと)」の意味(→ 11 課)。 which は関係代名詞主格(→ 22 課)で先行詞は something。第3文の過去分詞が形容詞にな った written は language を修飾していて, 「書かれた(言葉)」 → 「書き (言葉)」 の意 味になる。 o f

興味のある都道府県について英語で紹介する課題があるんですが、自信が無いので、添削をお願いしたいです！ よろしくお願いしますm(*_ _)m

詳しく教えてください

ON Po0-0。 ce から-っ に基づい 表び、る てop 、 その番紀を 答えとして最 ークしなきい も壮切なものを、 のヘー most jikely be e で more famous than they are today. -A taveler ing G w cxploring Germanys sccnic Ri v y CrmanysS sccnic Rhine River who visits the dty Of Bingen will be directed to the hi m the history i Seum there, which features front and center the amazing career of Saint エTi Su 隊 asant Cy 9 rmeenty se 202 Gm am ace ko ery sense a issance ogx。 born a htHle more than three and| き half centuries before the greatest Renaissance man Leonardo da Vinci (1432.1519). Hildegard was not only a composer of church music but also a mystic。 es a playwright an 7 Re and a sharp observer of natural phenomena on earth and in the skies. Tronically she had becn a sickly child and her aristocrat father did not hold much hope for her fature should she choose a normal life. Hle felt her only possibihty of personal happiness Would be in the service of God as a nun. isolated from the stresses of daily decision-making. Fortunately for Hildegard, Jutta von Spanheim, her mentor, saw in her an unusual abihty。 and ldegard was able to develop it to such a high degree that she became famous in her long jifetime of eighty-one yearS, even going on tOurS throughout Europe to promote her ideas and professed God-given ViSionS. _) Hildegard was a member of the Benedictine Order、 That meant a hife of balanced sleep.a Yegetarian diet regular DraYer and lots of hard work Her frst book, /zber Sczps (Koz 7e ld be a widely read description of the coSmos based on ancient Greek ideas、 It Ps), woul jwas believed to be a divinely inspired work in its time and Would not be matched by any man 邊he short biographies on Hildegard di al for centuries, lo not ahways detail her mus nm them, but Hildegard composed noteworthy liturgical pieces jpositions, 中 even mentio」 eered in developing the musical morality for ublic religious ceremony). She also pion in character of a StorY is presented with herheorsheis granted entry into here the mal a dilemma of choice mcept where and evil which wil determine Whet heaven e.Ytaly, and the Year 1619、 It was the tme of the Baroque. Nght

下線部(d)にあるas were～の説明と下線部の和訳を教えてください お願いします🙏

baboon* calls? We donot know exactly [| Y ]language began. But whatever our ancestors employed as therr medium of communication, producing speech (c) (SNRおES by the modern vocal apparatus was generations in the future, as were the many effects on the human brain and cognitive evolution that the development of speech produced.

色をつけたところのto不定詞の用法を教えてください。

place suitablc for *goofing ofTto a destination 3 ①Yetsometime in the last few years, Twittler went from. 間2 やツ shouD ②Atfirst。1thought mayl 本ye litle stressed ou ③Yet Tve heard from pny of other and read no Sh De the pcople in my timeline were just extra *Vocal and ortamgc of amicles about the 開二seTwiter has become an unpleeant Place but whicheven0ne Most issu63

1つ目のtoはwayにかかる形容詞的用法で、2つ目は「〜するための」で副詞的用法ですか？ 副詞的用法と形容詞的用法がわからなくなってしまいます。

1 ①Ithink Twittcr has brokcn my brain. ⑫ Q①Vebccn a fan ofthc socialnetwork since 2009.②It has ben a great 、請旧KELD in ouch with fnends、 開了 DE ET Lee hinmy jokes⑧was s great feio visitdurmg "dowetme in Ne orkday.f ot jinks to interesting aricles and cat *gifs ⑬ ①Yetsometime in the last few years, Twitlcr wcntfroma placc suitable for *goofing off to a destination imeline were just extra *vocal and 、 shoub ②At fit。 Ithought maybe the people in my others and read no shortage of articles about the 計上 mlitde sessed out ③YetTve heard rom pleny | same feeling -副 本er has become an umpleasant plecs、 but which cveDOne USee anyWay

色をつけた部分の訳し方をお願いします。

ーー 次の英交を読んで, 後の設問に符えよ。 J Nor long ago, Bernard Levin wrote a piece in which he confessed,|a touch gleefulli, amd asleep。 and ra he loved. but haller ieft him cok artificial This、 coming frOm a art forms more artifcial than at he did not care for balet_ Ope ③ his he put dowm io the fact that he found it jover of opera. 1 found very strange。 There can be few 。 opera. in yhich the characters sing instead oC speak_ repeat things rathermore often an還識 we do in fe in a language which the audience scldom understands and play out a Stor7/ hich bas to be learnt beforehand if one j8 ー Twish TIiked opera. Treally do。 1have made every efforr Well quite a 知w efOrGS エ once heard Rossins TLa Cenerentola' on Radio 3 and enjoyed it a lo fnding it very fanny, ie despite not ( ⑮ ) the story。 There was a producton ( ⑥ ) in London a few months, Jater, so Iwent to see it一 and sat stonyaced throughout the entiro evening The onhy *Pit Tcan remember now was where a messenger yas being dispatched fronu court TgoTgoF he sang -Then go・sang is master ga TgoTago ・Then go, then go sang the chorus famigi 'e replk ttook him about tyo minutes to go. This 1 found quite fanny though 1 dont think ④ it was meant to be: る Butis notthis sort of arGificiality that disturbs me. The reason 1 dont hike opera 5 quite simply that 1 dont like the way they sing 環hnd the lassical convention of singtng whetherin opera or "ieder, so mannered, so alien andL T'snppose so unnatural that it NIS To become a good opera singer you have to gO through years of training in which the voice acquires a "timbre as artificial in its own way as the acting 2s in Noh plays or the dialogue in "situation comedies. Tf you like it is great If you dont @ (area closed プョンjsンartンwhole oo you. T havent discussed this with Bernard Levin for the simple reason that T haVe_neVer met him but I would imagine that there are sounds which he finds equalhy alien 一 the sound of the saxophone in jazz, perhaps or of the electic blues guitar, sounds which are o meat and dripk to me. IS a question of personal taste, perhaps of some kind of personal -chemish- Unfortunately for me。 there are some composers who wrote the kind Tjove but who decided to specialise in vocal music so ⑤ most of their output is o8 me *Bernard Levin : イギリス人ジャーナリスト (1928.2004) "bit : 「(劇, 映画などの) 一場面(部分」 "jieder :「リート : ドイツ歌曲] 単数形は lied。 "situation comedy : 「(テレビ・ラジオの) 6

2aってなんで、オになるのか教えてください。

20 mm 286 words an od Until nx yiug im Engsh: *1aughter is the bes Fenly few people took the sa Now. however, doctors have pem o en the human body. They he aughter really can improve peoples health. Tests were done to study the cffects of laughter on the body Teople watched funny flms。 while doctors checked their hear rate。 blood pre IE ve breathing and ms It was found thal ar effects to ( 3 ). It ince pressure、the heart rate and the rate of breathing: it also works several groups of muscles in the face。 the stomach, and cven the feel IT laughter exercises the body, it must be ben Oiher tests have shown that laughter appears to be capable ot ( 4 ) the effect of pain on the body. In one expenmecnt who listened tos laughter has sim es blood