この英語長文において、印刷技術の発達に必要な技術はどのようなものであるか50~200字で答えてください

木版画 鋳造 第3問 以下の文は、 S. Strandh の “Machines, an illustrated history" からの抜粋で ある。 次の文を読んで、設問に解答せよ。 (ア) The tools of precision mechanics were, without doubt, the technical pre conditions for making wood cuts and for the development of printing. The oldest dated wood engraving is from 1418. It shows fine lines throughout 細部 and a richness of detal, which imply that the tools used, the knives, burins, and so on, must have been eminently suitable At this time, it was only the precision mechanics of clock making which could achieve the technique required for such tools. 精密機械技術 (イ) A (woodcut was produced by transferring a drawing, reversed from left to right, onto a carefully surface-ground "block" of wood, after which the surface wood on either side of each line in the drawing was cut away with a burin of forged steel. The remaining wood on all 'surfaces which were to be white in the drawing were then cut away with gravers and gouges, so that the lines of the drawing became raised. They were then inked and pressed against paper. これは 理由では ないから、 (~のときに、何 が原因か は不明) The woodcut method spread rapidly in the late Middle Ages when pictures were rarity. At first, skilful craftsmen made the woodcuts, but before long, eminent artists were themselves cutting their own drawings in wood. One of the first was the German Albrecht Duerer (1479-1528) who, in 1498, published the famous pictorial series of the Revelation of St. John. Graphics had become an independent art form-based on the progress of precision 酒の mechanics! 可動式の The 1440s saw the first book printed with movable die-cast type. (The letter press printing method used by Johann Gutenberg (1399?-1468) was basically the same as the one used for printing woodcuts, but Gutenberg used cast, movable type instead of cut blocks. The production of dies for the type was made possible by the tools of precision mechanics, too. It does not detract from Gutenberg's contribution that printing with movable type has been practised in the Far East, or more specifically Korea, two thousand years prior to this. Several of the techniques described here, which developed so quickly during the technical revolution of the Renaissance, had had predecessors in other parts of the world. ' 金楼 にねじ を刻む 道具 ~をなら K あったもの

この日本語訳が結構意訳されているんですけど分かりやすいように訳して欲しいです

:38 演習 38 (問題→本冊: p.77) Some suggestions on how to encourage laughter for healing: instead of flowers, send the patient a funny novel, a book of jokes, a silly toy or humorous audio or video tape. Keep on the lookout for humorous happenings and stories that you can tell the patient about. Arrive at the bedside with a funny story instead of a complaint about the terrible traffic or the parking problem. 【全文訳】治療のために笑いを促す方法についてのいくつかの提案。 患者には花ではな くこっけいな小説, 笑い話の本, ばかげたおもちゃ, あるいはユーモアのある録音 テープかビデオテープを送りなさい。 患者に話せるようなユーモアある出来事及び 物語を心がけて捜しなさい。 病床に行くときには交通状況のひどさとか駐車するの が大変だったことについて不満を言わないで, おもしろおかしい話をしなさい。 【解説】第1文では how to ... という 〈疑問詞+ to V> が前置詞onの目的語になって いる。 on 以下は suggestions に対する修飾語。コロン以下の最初の or は novel, 22 あるが人に好かれるしーバ 全員 良い評価を勝った える

黄色いマーカー部分、 seemed to を分詞構文に書き替えるとどうなりますか？

malaria, cholera, plague, beriberi, or influenza, because of the environmental changes or globalism. Among them, tuberculosis had made humans suffer for a long time. A mummy from about 1000 B.C. in Egypt had its signs of tuberculosis, and the disease seemed to have been in Jerusalem during the time of Jesus Christ In Japan, it was found in the human bones from the Yayoi era. After 1900 it ranked high as hray a major cause of death, called one of the most fearful "incurable" diseases. However, now, we have overcome tuberculosis because the method to cure it was established by Alexander Fleming. and it being.

質問です 解答がないので確認していただけると幸いです。 また、3行目辺りから自分の訳が合ってるのか知りたいので可能であれば訳もお願いしたいです

I 次の会話文を読んで、1 5 までの( から一つずつ選び、 その番号をマークしなさい。 A: What are you learning about? B: I'm learning to make connections from different parts of a reading passage to understand it better. A: Is that the strategy Ms. Brown taught us last week when I was absent? B: 1 ) She said to "understand" the text as a whole, not as fragmented parts. So, I thought this was the way to go. I see. ( A: 内に入れるのに最も適切な文を、 下の①~⑦ B: Well, I'm using my notes to find similar evidence in each part to grasp the overall meaning of the reading assignment. A: ( B: Sure. ( A: This is a good method. ( ) B: You should try many methods and see what works best for you. ) And here I write the evidence of each part. Did the teacher tell us to take notes? 2 Can I take a look at your notes? I guess so. 4 How will you know if you understand it as a whole? 5 Taking notes is useful for learning material later in life. (6) Here is where I write the main ideas. I think I will use this method from now on too.

after150 を１５０年後と読んだのですが １５０年にわたると書いてあるのはafterにはそういう意味もあるということですか? それとも何か用法がありますか？

第1部 英文解釈の技術 70 26 <Vit C + [名詞節]>は形式目的語構文 次の英文を訳しなさい Whatever we may think about mass-production, we can take it as certain that after 150 years of continuous development the system is here to stay; we cannot slow it down, or go back to the old hand methods of production. <V it C [名詞節]> は形式目的語構文 VOCの文型の場合, 0 になるのは (代) 名詞であり、普通は名詞句・名詞節が0に なることはないことを念頭に置いて次の英文を見てください。 I think it good that you learn history. 「君が歴史を勉強するのはいいことだと思うよ」 I think it good.だけでも SVOCの文になりますがit が何を指すか itはOの役割をさせられている 「空の箱」 みたいなもので である good の後に具体的内容を示す that-節を後に置く す。 パターン化すると、次のタイプの文です。 S Vt このように意味を持たないでOとして文の 具体的内容を持った後続の実際上の名詞 文の和訳は, it の部分に that-節の訳を C + [接具体的内容]. SVt. it C (松山東雲短大) 第1 文 何を･･･(し) ようと 私達が考えようと [Whatever we may thi O S Vi は, て C t

3. 問4 この回答だと10点満点だとしたら何点くらいでしょうか？ 問5どう考えたら解説のようにnew methodsを2つのかたまりが修飾しているとわかるのですか？

30 methods. Only the larger landowners can afford to make the necessary investments for maximum production of the new grains. With their profits, the large landowners then buy land from the smaller farmers. This way, the large landowners become ever richer and the number of landless poor people increases. Social tensions naturally increase in this situation. 35 Clearly, it is time to question the methods of the Green Revolution. Governments and farmers_need to look at the overall picture and long-term effects. (s They need to find new methods that will better meet the needs of the world's hungry people and that will also be less harmful. Vi (注) fertilizer : 肥料 insecticide : 殺虫剤 (神戸学院大) 問1 空所( 1 ) に入れるのに最も適当なものを、次のア~エから1つ選びなさ Po =取り除く 遅れず遭いて行く 7. get rid of イ. run out of keep up with J. come up with 問2 空所(2a)~( 2d)に入れるのに最も適当なものを、次のア~エからそれ ぞれ1つずつ選びなさい。 ただし,文頭にくるべき語も小文字で始められてい る。 ア. social and political conflict イ. the nature of the chemicals that farmers have used 195 ウ. the_expense of the new farming methods 費用 エ. soil_erosion 下線部(3)の語(句) を文意が通るように並べ換えなさい。 下線部(4) の内容を50字以内の日本語で述べなさい。 下線部(5) を日本語に訳しなさい。 英文のタイトルとして最も適当なものを、次のア~エから1つ選びなさい。 Environmental effects of the “Green Revolution” Increase in food production through the “Green Revolution" Some negative aspects of the “Green Revolution" エ. Success of the “Green Revolution" 1. (a)7. () I (e)t leadp (24) ア 問3 問4 問5 問6 3. the grain people used to grow 間、新しい作物に移して得た不必大きなさの 所有者がさな農場の土地を買うこと。 8 ・間5.西府と農家は世界中の空腹な人々の需要を満たす より良い、新しい方法を見つけ、害を少なくしていく必要がある

黄色のマーカーの部分のsvocなどを教えていただけないでしょうか？(..)

plainly Dreaming is a universal phenomenon, though much of what we dream may be forgotten, and some few persons are able only rarely to remember their dreams on waking. The dream represents mental activity during sleep. For this reason the workings of the unconscious mind can be more p 5 seen here than anywhere else. Ordinarily the thoughts and wishes of the unconscious mind are unknown to us, though it contains the source of creative and instinctive energy. As the oldest part of the concept-forming apparatus, it makes liberal use of such primitive methods of representation as symbolism. In a very general way, the unconscious mind of present-day man may be 10 compared to the conscious mind of the caveman, and dreams often remind us of the picture writing of the caveman, where a relatively few simple pictures used as symbols told a detailed story of events. In addition, it is the function of a dream to express a wish, but since the wishes of the unconscious are often highly instinctive in nature, they would be 15 as disturbing to most modern persons as would the acts of a caveman in present-day society. Therefore, most dreams are disguised enough to conceal their true meaning from the dreamer. This is accomplished through the intervention of the conscience, a much more recently developed function of the brain. In psychoanalysis an effort to get the true meaning of the dream is 20 made by having the dreamer give all his thoughts and feelings about every element of the dream. These are then pieced together by the analyst, who uses his knowledge of the life history of the individual as a reference point. By this means, unconscious thoughts and wishes, as well as long-forgotten experiences, can be revealed so as to give the dreamer a much more complete understand- 25 ing of himself. Passage 35 Psychoanalysis ー語句と構文- 13. on waking = /17. As the oldest part of the concept-forming apparatus, it makes = それは概念を形成するための装置一式の中の一番古い部品と ・・・ 訳) / L.9. may be compared to 〜 = 〜になぞらえるこ 272 - ( CLOSE ときに目く とし 16 1027 性質を るだろ ある。 見た BO 17 わ

これが最も費用のかからない方法だと考えている。 この文でthe leastで少なくとも、costlyは高価なとか値段の高いって意味ですよね、どうして費用のかからないになるんですか？

うらり合に入れしよう。 5-2 Because most of the debris is expected to burn up from frictional heat when it enters the atmosphere, it is believed to be the least costly method. 「宇宙ゴミのほとんどは大気圏に入ると摩擦熱によって燃え尽きるとされているの で、これが最も費用のかからない方法だと考えられている」 ◆「大気圏に入ると摩擦熱で燃え尽きる」は絶対に入れます。 「コストがかからな 「い」は解答の字数に余裕があれば入れておいてもいいでしょう。

109番〜120番の答えないため確認できないのでみなさんの回答をよろしくお願いします🙇‍♀️

109. The hotel's ------- shuttle bus will take st guests to Hong Kong's major landmarks. months of work to sell the Apton Building, the realtor finally succeeded last cm week, al bas 110. (A) compliments (B) complimentary (C) compliment (D) complimenting (A) Besides (B) After (C) Still (D) For 111. We will review all four custodial-service bids ains and choose ------- that suits our needs. reauozib ybisenie Azoril (A) some (B) one (C) others (D) either olde 27 112. The client asked for the advertising text. (A) standards (B) drawings (C) revisions (D) duplications 113. Please be advised Juoriquant (A) phols is (0) dourn co! (0) entste wob (0) (A) that (B) of (C) whether (D) between (A) obtains (B) competes (C) inquires (D) claims brojed (A) etion ------- we have had to cancel your order because of a difficulty with our shipping agent. polisem to the images in ont est ------- (9 114. Tin Creek Corporation towels are the most absorbent on the market. .OET that its paper 115. KCLN Associates will enter into a business with the contractor as soon as some of the terms are renegotiated. (A) agreed (B) agreement (C) agreeable (D) agreeing 116. ------- ---- registering for online banking is not required, we strongly recommend it to all of our customers. (A) Although (B) Instead (C) Regardless (D) Despite 117. Viewers can easily ------- to the main character in the popular television series Autumn Mystery. (A) related (B) relatable (C) relating (D) relate of 118. Fairlawn Medical Clinic offers a full ------- services as part of its community wellness programs. (A) center (B) surplus (C) range (D) type ROT 119. The rear entrance to RC Bank will be closed for repairs and not next Monday. (A) accessible (B) accessing (C) access (D) accesses (A) decidedly (B) furthermore (C) rather (D) everywhere allory (5) vetele (0) balio (0) 120. Mr. Carson wants to see Carson audio products -------, even in remote regions of the world. TEST

この誤り箇所指摘の問題が分からないのでよろしくお願いします。

【4】 次の1~10について, 誤った英語表現を含んだ部分がある場合には(a)~(d)から誤り を一つ選び,誤りがない場合には (e) を選んでマーク解答用紙にマークせよ。 1. In (a) classical Islamic history there could be no clash between since the caliph, the titular head of the Islamic state and community, (b) combined in pope and emperor, himself both (c) political or religious-though (a) not spiritual-authority. NO ERROR 2. The years (a) immediately following the end of the Cold War offered (ú) a tantalizing glimpse of a new kind of international order, with nation-states growing together or disappearing, ideological conflicts (c) melting away, cultures intermingling, and free commerce and communications (a) increasing. NO ERROR 3. Despite the growth of the economy, or perhaps (a) in part because of it, and because, as well, (b) the vast rural exodus owing to both (c) population growth and increasing agricultural productivity, workers (a) crowded into urban slums. NO ERR 4. Malthus, Ricardo, Marx, and (a) many others had been talking about inequalities for decades without citing any sources (b) whatsoever or any methods for (c) comparison NO ERROR one era with (a) another. 5. The religious differences between Europe and the United States are (a) typically described in terms of (b) beliefs and practices: Europeans are (c) far less likely than Americans (a) join and attend houses of worship or to believe in heaven and hell. NO ERROR