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国語 中学生

国語の小論文です💦 一段落目の方の答えだけ教えてもらえると助かります🙇 (それと、このような場合の小論文の書き出しの書き方について教えてもらえると助かります💦)

小論 論文 問題用紙 もりやま たくろう 次の文章を読んで、後の問いに答えなさい。 「文は人なり」という言葉があります。 文章にはそれを書いた人の人柄が表れるという意味で すが、ここでは、もう少し文法的にこの言葉を使いたいと思います。 すなわち、 「文」には、 その文を作った人(話し手や書き手)の気持ちが表れるということです。 例えば、人にコピーを頼むときに、 この書類をコピーしてください。 のように言うことがありますが、この場合には、あまり遠慮がちな表現ではありません。一方、 この書類をコピーしてくださいませんか。 のように言えば、これは遠慮がちな表現です。 どういう言い方をするかで、発言者の、相手に対 する人間関係の配慮のしかたが示されます。 実は、「頼む」という言葉自体、人間関係の配慮のしかたを表す表現です。 というのは、おも しろいことに、古くは「頼む」とは、「あてにする」 「頼りにする」という意味でした。 すなわ ち、歴史的にみれば、「たよっています」 「あなたをあてにします」などと 「頼る」ことを表す ことで、お願いするという意味、すなわち「頼む」という意味になったと言えるのです。 英語でお願いするときに使う ‘please' も、原義は「喜ばせる」で、「あなたが喜ぶなら」の ように、相手の気持ちを配慮して使うところに基本的な意味があったようです。日本語での「も しよければ」などという表現とよく似た気持ちがベースにあると言えるかもしれません。 このように、私たちは、意識するかしないかにかかわらず、いろいろな心配りを(それなりに) しつつ、いろいろな文を述べているのです。その意味で、文法としても、まさに、文は人なり、 と言えるのです。述べ方は気持ちなり、と言ってもいいでしょう。 (森山卓郎『〈もっと知りたい! 日本語表現を味わうための日本語文法』による。) (注) 原義=その言葉が本来もっている意味。 一段目に二段目に 問 傍線部について、述べ方によって相手に気持ちが伝わりやすくなった例を書き 方」の大さについてのあなたの考えを四〇〇字以上四五〇字以内で書:なさい。 書くこと。全体で 「述べ

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英語 中学生

文章の内容があまり理解できません。 ざっくりで良いので内容を解説して欲しいです🙇🏻‍♀️

About 50 years ago, I lived in Los Angeles, California. My father took care of my younger sister and me. We played baseball every weekend. My sister and I loved baseball. I knew that my father had a "hero. His name was Ken Smith. He played for a team in *St. Louis. Its name was the Red Birds. My father said that Ken was the greatest player of all *major league baseball players at that time. I also became a big fan of Ken Smith, so I wanted to be like Ken Smith very much. That summer was special because my father *took my sister and me to St. Louis. We went there and came home by *plane. We were going to meet Ken Smith. I almost couldn't believe that. My father's best friend had a big *company in St. Louis, and he knew some of the very important people of the Red Birds. He also knew Ken Smith well. We stayed at my grandmother's house in St. Louis, She said to me, "Jack, I have something special for you." That was a ball with an *autograph by Smith. An *injured player of the Red Birds was in the hospital, and my grandmother worked there. She told him my story, and he got Smith's autograph on the ball. She knew that A but she gave the ball to me. I was sorry for my father, but I was very happy. I liked Ken Smith more. The next day was an exciting day for us. My father's friend helped us, and we could meet Ken Smith before the game. I thought Smith would be kind and big, and I was right. Then I showed him the ball from my grandmother. We talked about it. He asked me about the way to practice baseball, and I talked to him *proudly. *In front of Ken, I felt that I needed to do so. I wanted to be a great baseball player. He *understood. That night we watched a night game of the Red Birds. During the game, I *held my ball, and looked at it many times. A man talked to me. "New ball?" he asked. "Yes, with an autograph," I said and smiled. "Who?" he asked. "Ken Smith," I said proudly. "Really? I don't believe you." "Here, look." "Wow! I'll get it for 20 *dollars right now!" "No, give my ball back to me, please," I said. "You've got a very special thing. Take good care of it!" he said. I knew that the ball was a *treasure for me. The next day, 3I felt it took a long time to get back to Los Angeles. I was excited and I told my friends about my experience with Ken Smith in St. Louis. No one believed me, but I thought that I would never forget my happy feelings then. About 20 years later, my father died. Before the *funeral, I *remembered that he once *asked us to put his *baseball cards and a *baseball in his *casket. I wanted to use my baseball with Ken's autograph for him. My sister also liked my idea. The ball was with my father. A few years later, my sister *got married. Before *wedding finished, my sister started a story. She was a *flight attendant and *flew with the baseball players of Los Angeles Blue Sky and the manager Tom Baylor. Then she told him the story of my old baseball. He understood her story very well. Baylor was a friend of Ken Smith and *promised her to get another ball with Ken's autograph for me. Ken *was very impressed by her story, and sent a baseball with his autograph to Baylor. The ball was then sent to my sister. When she finished the story, I looked up and saw that she was holding a ball. "I have B threw it to me. I remembered that summer and my grandmother. I felt like a child again when I was going home. she said and

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