はじめまして。 問2.3がわからなくてとても困っています。 もしよろしければ教えていただきたいです。 よろしくお願いします。

<問題> 1) 安息香酸、クロロフェノール、アントラニル酸メチルのpK』 をPubChem で調査せよ。 2) 二つの化学種が平衡状態にあるとき、 Gibbs 自由エネルギー差はAG =-RT In K で表 される。 ここでKは平衡定数 (ある化学種に占めるもう一方に化学種の割合) である。 メチルシクロヘキサンのメチル基がアキシアルを占める立体配座とエクアトリアルを 占める立体配座の標準状態における存在比を求めよ。 計算実験で得られた立体配座異 性体のエネルギーの差を Gibbs 自由エネルギー差の近似値として用いてよい。 なお、In (エルエヌ) は自然対数を指しInx = yならばey=x (左辺はexp (y) と書くこともある) である。 気体定数は R ≒ 8.31 JK-1 mol-1 を用いよ (Bruice 有機化学、 5.7 参照)。 3) メタン、エチレン、アセチレンの分子軌道を量子化学計算の一種であるハートリー・ フォック法により計算せよ。 Engine: Gamess, Calculation: Molecular Orbitals, Theory: RHF, Basis Set: Minimal:STO-3G を指定せよ。 各化合物はそれぞれいくつの 分子軌道をもつか。 上記のうち、 多重結合を有する化合物について、 全ての軌道を 図示し占有数(Occupancy) を示せ。 また、 それぞれの化合物の結合角(∠HCH やく HCC) はおよそ何度か。 これまでに学習した軌道の混成状態についての知識と比較せ よ。

fについてです 解説が載っていなかったため質問しています、。 なぜ、③を選ぶことができるのでしょうか？

Long-s doctrin holds that we are protected from fungi not just by layered immune defenses but ( e ) we are mammals*, with core temperatures higher than fungi prefer. The cooler outer surfaces of our bodies are at risk of minor assaults-think of athlete's foot*, yeast infections, ringworm*-but in people with healthy immune systems, invasive* infections have been ( f ). That may have left us overconfident. "We have an enormous (g) spot," says Arturo Casadevall, a physician and molecular microbiologist at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. "Walk into the street and ask people what are they afraid of, and they'll tell you they're afraid of bacteria, they're afraid of viruses, but they don't fear dying of fungi." Ironically, it is our successes that made us vulnerable*. Fungi exploit damaged immune systems, but before the mid-20th century people with impaired immunity didn't live very long. Since then, medicine has gotten very good at keeping such people (h), even though their immune systems are compromised by illness or cancer treatment or age. It has also developed an array of therapies that deliberately suppress immunity, to keep transplant recipients healthy and treat autoimmune* disorders such as lupus* and rheumatoid arthritis*. ( i ) vast numbers of people are living now who are especially vulnerable to fungi. Not all of our vulnerability is the fault of medicine preserving life so successfully. Other ( j ) actions have opened more doors between the fungal world and our own. We clear land for crops and settlement and perturb* what were stable balances between fungi and their hosts. We carry goods and animals across the world, and fungi hitchhike on them. We drench crops in fungicides* and enhance the resistance of organisms residing nearby. (s) ELSE

この文章に文構造を書き込んでいただきたいです🙇‍♀️

文章構造図 英文の黒網⇒キーセンテンス ...⇒別冊ナビブック本文解説 5 1 The recipe for making any creature is written in its DNA. So last year, when geneticists* published the near-complete DNA sequence of the long-extinct woolly mammoth, there was much speculation about whether we could bring this giant creature back to life. 10 e Creating a living, breathing creature from a genome* sequence that exists only in a computer's memory is not possible right now. But someone someday is sure to try it, predicts Stephan Schuster, a molecular biologist at Pennsylvania State University and a driving force behind the mammoth genome project. 3 So besides the mammoth, what other extinct beasts might we bring back to life? Well, [besides) it is only going to be possible with creatures for which we can recover a complete genome sequence. (1)Without one, there is no chance. And usually when a creature dies, the (=Without a complete genome sequence, there is no chance of bringing an extinct creature back to life.) DNA in any flesh left untouched is soon destroyed as it is attacked by sunshine and 2 leave O done) bacteria.

至急お願いいたします🚨 生物の質問です。 ミトコンドリアの経路についての説明だと思うのですが、電子オーバーフローモデルと電子分布モデルの違いを教えていただきたいです。 また、どういう仕組みなのか、何故このように電子が流れるのかも教えていただきたいです。 UQ poolはユ... Read More

(A) Electron overflow model (considered out-of-date) Alt UQ pool Alternative oxidase inactive. Alt No alternative pathway activity Cytochrome pathway unsaturated Cyt (B) Electron distribution model (reflects current thinking) UQ pool Cyt Alternative pathway active Cytochrome pathway saturated Alt Alternative oxidase active Alt UQ pool Cyt Cyt Figure 14.33 Two models for regulation of electron flow through the alternative oxidase. (A) In the electron overflow model, no appreciable electron transfer through the alternative pathway takes place until electron flow through the cytochrome pathway is at or near satu- ration. This could result from the effects of respirato- ry control, if the rate of mitochondrial ATP produc- tion exceeds its rate of utilization in the cytosol, or from some externally imposed stress, such as low temperature. Under such circumstances, the UQ pool becomes sufficiently reduced to allow electrons to flow through the alternative oxidase, the latter re- quiring that the UQ pool be 40% to 60% reduced to attain significant activity. (B) In the electron distribu- tion model, the alternative and cytochrome path- ways both show significant activity at low levels of UQ pool reduction, and electrons are distributed be- tween the two pathways on the basis of the relative activities of each pathway. The activity of the alter- native oxidase under these circumstances is thought to be regulated by the action of a-keto acids and by reduction/oxidation of the intermolecular disulfide bond, as well as by additional regulatory mecha- nisms not yet characterized.

（4）の答えがthe problemでしたがsolving the problemではダメでしょうか？

humans. "We were able to identify one of the many molecular features that likely shape behavior," she adds. ** hol boquete es Though the origins of the dog/human partnership remain unknown, it's becoming increasingly clear that each species has changed (during our long years header The physical differences between a basset hound and wolf are obvious, but dogs have also changed in ways that are more than skin (or fur) deep. One recent study shows how by bonding with us and learning to work ogether with humans, dogs may have actually become worse at working together Their pack lifestyle and mentality appear to be reduced and are far as a species. less prevalent even in wild dogs than in wolves. But, Yale's Laurie Santos says, dogs may have compensated in other interesting ways. They've learned to use humans to solve problems. "Several researchers have presented dogs and wolves with an impossible problem (e.g., a puzzle box that can't be opened or a pulling tool that stops working) and have asked how these different species react," Santos explains. Researchers have found that wolves try lots of different trial and error tactics to solve the problem - they get at it physically. But at the first sign of trouble, dogs do something different. They look back to their human companion for help. This work hints that dogs may have lost some of their physical problem-solving abilities in favor of more social strategies, ones that rely on the unique sort of cooperation

ヌクレオチドってどこからくるんですか？

問12の解き方がわかりません

22.4L, 2.5g/L×22.4L=56g したがって, この気体の分子量は56である。 問 12 同温同圧において、 同じ体積の気体Aと窒素 N2 の質量を比較したところ, 気体Aの質量は窒素の質量の1.5倍であった。 気体Aの分子量はいくらか。 平均分子量 空気のような混合気体でも,モル 質量を考えることができる。 混合気体のモル質量 は, 成分気体のモル質量とその混合割合から求め られ,その数値を平均分子量という。たとえば, average molecular weight 図9のように, 空気を窒素と酸素が物質量比4:1 で混合した気体とすれば, 空気のモル質量は,次 のように求められる。 4 28.0g/mol× 4+1 窒素の モル質量 + 32.0g/mol× 窒素の 混合割合 酸素の モル質量 1 4+1 酸素の 混合割合 28.8g/mol (13) 空気のモル質量 したがって, 空気の平均分子量は28.8である。 合 b 16 ･酸素 分子 H窒素分子 空気 1 mol 体積 22.4L 窒素分子 6.02×10²×4個 酸素分子 6.02×102 × ÷個 モル質量 28.8g/mol. 図9 空気の構成 15 15 20 平均分子量 28.8) よりも重い(密度が大きい)ものを2

全文訳お願いします！

4 20 科学 420 words Chapter 1 The recipe for making any creature is written in its DNA. So last year, when 1-1 geneticists* published the near-complete DNA sequence of the long-extinct woolly mammoth, there was much speculation about whether we could bring this giant creature back to life. 5 東京理科大学 Creating a living, breathing creature from a genome* sequence that exists only in a computer's memory is not possible right now. But someone someday is sure to try it, predicts Stephan Schuster, a molecular biologist at Pennsylvania State University and a driving force behind the mammoth genome project. So besides the mammoth, what other extinct beasts might we bring back to life? Well, 12 10 it is only going to be possible with creatures for which we can recover a complete genome Without one, there is no chance. And usually when a creature dies, the (1) - DNA in any flesh left untouched is soon destroyed as it is attacked by sunshine and bacteria. sequence. There are, however, some circumstances in which DNA can be preserved. If your 15 specimen froze to death in an icy wasteland such as Siberia, or died in a dark cave or a really dry region, for instance, then the probability of finding some intact stretches of DNA is much higher. Even in ideal conditions, though, no genetic information is likely to survive more than a million years. - so dinosaurs are out and only much younger remains are likely to yield good-quality DNA. "It's really only worth studying specimens that are less than 100,000 years old," says Schuster. The genomes of several extinct species besides the mammoth are already being sequenced, but turning these into living creatures will not be easy. "It's hard to say that something will never ever be possible," says Svante Pääbo of the Max Planck Institute 25 for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany, "but it would require technologies so far removed from what we currently have that I cannot imagine how it would be done." But then (3) 50 years ago, who would have believed we would now be able to read the instructions for making humans, fix inherited diseases, clone mammals and be close to creating artificial life? Assuming that we will develop the necessary technology, we have 30 selected ten extinct creatures that might one day be resurrected. Our choice is based not just on practicality, but also on each animal's "charisma" - just how exciting the prospect of resurrecting these animals is. 1-3

形質転換効率が2.0×10^5(cfu/μg)は、プラスミドを構築するには低い値ですか。

サイトックスグリーンのds DNAとは何ですか？ 抗ds-DNA抗体これの事を言ってるのでしょうか…

SYTOX®死細胞染色試薬 See Related Molecular Probes® の細胞非透過性 SYTOX®死細胞染色 試薬は、正常な細胞 膜を透過せず、 dsDNAに結合すると 強い蛍光を放つ、最 も鮮やかな死細胞染 色試薬です。使用が 容易なSYTOX®死細 胞染色試薬は、水溶性培地中では非蛍光性であるため、細 胞に添加し、追加の洗浄ステップなしで視覚化することが 可能です。これらの染色試薬は、蛍光顕微鏡法、フローサ イトメトリー、およびマイクロプレートなど多くのプラッ トフォームで使用することができます。