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Physics Undergraduate

量子力学の問題です。 わかる方おられませんか

2. 外部磁場中の荷電粒子の量子力学、 Landau 準位 ベクトルポテンシャル A(t,x)、 スカラーポテ ンシャル (t,x) がある3次元空間の中を質量m、 電荷eをもつ荷電粒子の運動を考える。 その運動量 をp、 位置座標をェとすると、 荷電粒子を記述するハミルトニアンは以下で与えられる。 1 H(t, z,p) = -(p- eA(t, x))² + eo(t, x) 2m (1) (1) この荷電粒子を表す波動関数を重(t,x) としたとき、 確率密度と確率の流れの密度は、ベクトルポ テンシャルがない (演習問題No.1の) 場合に対し微分∇を 「共変微分」Dに置き換えることで 得られることが知られている。 p:=²=v*v, J:= {*D-(D)*} ここで、 2m D:= V-ie A, +∇ ・J=0が成立することを示せ。 とおいた。このとき、連続の方程式 (2) 電場E = -Vo-b と磁場 B = ∇×4が次の(ゲージ) 変換で不変であることを示せ。 at 以下電場はなく、静磁場のみがある場合を考え、磁場が向いている方向を軸とする: B = (0,0,B) Əx AA'′=A_∇入, 中→d=6+ at ここで、 入 = \(t,x) は任意のスカラー場である。 さらに荷電粒子の波動関数も同時に →=e-ie (5) と変換させた場合、 Schrodinger 方程式場=H(t,x, l∇)が変換した場に対しても同様に成 立することを示せ。 A = (0, Bx, 0) にとって、とzに依存しない波動関数 (x,y) を調べる。 (2) このとき、トの取りうる範囲を求めよ。 (3) この背景の下で縦と横の長さがLz, Ly の長方形状の十分薄い平板を0に {(x,y)|0 ≤x≤LT, 0≤y≤Ly} (7) のように置き、この平板内に束縛される荷電粒子の運動を調べる。 このとき、以下のように、ベクト ルポテンシャルを Landau ゲージ (8) (4) このことを、Schrodinger 方程式がゲージ変換のもとで共変性をもつor 共変的である、などという。 同じ量子数をもつ状態がなす部分ベクトル空間の次元のことをその状態の縮退度と呼ぶ。 (6) (3) 波動関数 (x,y)=(x)eikyのように変数分離して荷電粒子に対する時間に依存しない Schrodinger 方程式を解き、 固有関数とエネルギー固有値を全て求めよ。 ただし、演習のプリントで与えられ た特殊関数は説明なしに用いて良いものとし、 規格化も行わなくて良い。 (4) 波動関数 (x,y) は方向に周期境界条件を満たすとする。 v(x, y) = v(x,y + Ly) (5) 基底状態に対しょ軸の位置演算子の期待値 (z) をe, B,kを用いて表わせ。 また、 位置演算子の期 待値が平板内に存在する条件から、 基底状態の縮退度を求めよ。

Unresolved Answers: 1
TOEIC・English Undergraduate

文章を読んで上の1〜4の問題を解くものです。 分からないのでお願いします

3. Answer the following questions. 1 What is the difference between UNIX and Linux? 2 3 4 Choose one of the words in italics in the text. What is the definition of the word you have chosen? What are the three levels of a Linux system? What are the two main functions of the kernel? [Reading Text] UNIX was initially developed by researchers at Bell Labs in the 1970s. Today, UNIX and its variants are widely used mainly on servers. By far, the most well- known UNIX-like operating system is Linux. Linux is available in different distributions which include the Linux kernel and different collections of software. These distributions have various user interfaces, many experienced users preferring the command-line interface, or shell. Linux distributions include a range of software including text editors. memory. While the mechanics of Linux and other Unix operating systems are complicated, the components of a Linux system can be grouped into three levels. The lowest level is the hardware, such as Central Processing Unit (CPU) and The next level is the kernel. It enables communication between hardware and software, by providing instructions to the CPU and other hardware. The programs that are running on the system, or processes, make up the top level known as the user space. Processes in user space generally only have access to a restricted amount of memory and operations, this is called user mode. The kernel runs in kernel mode which allows it unrestricted access to hardware resources. The kernel provides functions such as process management and memory management. A computer only has limited Random Access Memory (RAM) and processor cores. Process management allows the system to run multiple programs (processes) at the same time even if the CPU can only execute only a few processes at a time. Memory management allows applications to share the system's memory while avoiding potential issues such as memory leak. Included with the kernel are device drivers that provide an interface for applications to communicate with hardware, such as hard drives. System calls allow user processes to access features that are executed at kernel mode, for example creating new processes.

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TOEIC・English Undergraduate

この1〜4の問題お願いします🙏🏼🙏🏼

3. Answer the following questions. 1 What is the difference between UNIX and Linux? 2 3 4 Choose one of the words in italics in the text. What is the definition of the word you have chosen? What are the three levels of a Linux system? What are the two main functions of the kernel? [Reading Text] UNIX was initially developed by researchers at Bell Labs in the 1970s. Today, UNIX and its variants are widely used mainly on servers. By far, the most well- known UNIX-like operating system is Linux. Linux is available in different distributions which include the Linux kernel and different collections of software. These distributions have various user interfaces, many experienced users preferring the command-line interface, or shell. Linux distributions include a range of software including text editors. memory. While the mechanics of Linux and other Unix operating systems are complicated, the components of a Linux system can be grouped into three levels. The lowest level is the hardware, such as Central Processing Unit (CPU) and The next level is the kernel. It enables communication between hardware and software, by providing instructions to the CPU and other hardware. The programs that are running on the system, or processes, make up the top level known as the user space. Processes in user space generally only have access to a restricted amount of memory and operations, this is called user mode. The kernel runs in kernel mode which allows it unrestricted access to hardware resources. The kernel provides functions such as process management and memory management. A computer only has limited Random Access Memory (RAM) and processor cores. Process management allows the system to run multiple programs (processes) at the same time even if the CPU can only execute only a few processes at a time. Memory management allows applications to share the system's memory while avoiding potential issues such as memory leak. Included with the kernel are device drivers that provide an interface for applications to communicate with hardware, such as hard drives. System calls allow user processes to access features that are executed at kernel mode, for example creating new processes.

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