1番最後のwhat以下はどう訳しますか、 解説では「どんなことに関わったのか」になってますがよくわかりません

心 ] (71点) 文 It's fair to say Alasdair Friend didn't always picture himself as a beekeeper. But when a diagnosis of motor neuron disease* meant his father was no longer able to tend to his hives, Friend resolved to carry on his passion. He was not without doubts at first: “I remember driving back with this actively buzzing box of 40,000 bees and thinking, what have I beesand signed up for?”

apartはどういう意味で使われてますか？ 2行目でふ

E 20 15 17 The Intelligence of Crows 251 word Crows may not strike most people as intelligent creatures. We watch them picking apart garbage bags and complain about them to our neighbors. We take measures to stop them, but as often as not, they *outwit us. When we come to think of it, the reason we are so fed up with them could be that we do not give them credit for their intelligence. Crows may be smarter than any other animal apart from primates. For one thing, they remember the faces of humans and can tell one person from another. If someone tries to catch them, they will look 10 upon that person as a threat. They will remember the person even years later. And scientists have found that crows can solve puzzles. Their intelligence is close to that of a seven-year-old child. when I took this Many studies show that crows are also capable of using tools. They drop nuts on the road so that passing cars will crack them open. They can drop stones into a narrow container of liquid to bring the level up to where they can drink. They can use sticks to help themselves to hard- to-reach insects inside trees. And they can break off small branches from trees to build their nests, instead of just picking them up from the ground. Scientists say that the *densely-packed neurons in their small brains account for crows' intelligence. This suggests they may also feel emotions. So before you accuse crows of messing up your neighborhood, think about what intelligent creatures they are!( (注) outwit「~を出し抜く ~の裏をかく」 densely-packed neurons 「ぎっしり 脳神経細胞」 カラスの驚くべき知能 音声 カラスは、ほとんどの人に知能の高い生物という印象は与えていない について近所の人に愚痴を言う。 私たちはカラス対策を行うものの、ほとん かもしれない。私たちはカラスがごみ袋を荒らしているのを目にし、それら どの場合、彼らは人間を出し抜いてみせる。 それを考えてみると、 私たちが カラスにこれほどうんざりしている理由は、 私たちが彼らの知能を正しく 評価していないことにあるのかもしれない。 ② カラスは,霊長類は別として、他のあらゆる動物より賢いかもしれな ようになる。 数年後になっても彼らはその人のことを覚えている。 さらに. 科学者たちはカラスがパズルを解けることも研究により明らかにしている。 きる。 カラスを捕まえようとする者がいると、彼らはその人を脅威とみなす い。 その1例として、カラスは人間の顔を覚え、人と人を区別することがで 彼らの知能は7歳児のそれに近い。 ③ 多くの研究により, カラスは道具も使えるということがわかっている。 彼らは, 通行する車が木の実を割るために, 道路に木の実を落とす。液体が 入った縦長の容器に石を落とし、その液体が飲めるところまで水位を上げ 由にとって食べることもできる。 さらには巣を作るために、 ただ地面から木 ることができる。 枝を使って, 木の中の届きにくい場所にいる虫を自分で自 の枝を拾うのではなく、木から細い枝を折り取ることもできる。 21 20 38 科学者たちによれば、カラスの知能は、その小さな脳に高密度で詰まっ ているニューロンによるものだという。 これが示唆しているのは、彼らには 感情もあるかもしれないということだ。 だから、近所を荒らしていることで カラスを責める前に、 彼らがいかに知的な生物かということに思いを巡ら mont hags せてみよう that those) The mo 41 D cap of ✓ Check!! ● intelligent 知的な頭の良い intelligence 知能 : 知性 □ garbage (生) ごみ がらくた waste 名 廃棄物: 浪費 neighbor近所の人 prima 45 45 48 SO 52 支店 割れる □ mess を汚す; を無茶苦茶にする 散らかっている状態 -messy 散らかった 160 唆する を提案する 83

初めの文のthat節内の構文がとれなくて困ってます。どうか教えてください🙇

Consider, for example, that the existence of a single human thought requires the highly complex interaction of hundreds of thousands of neurons]. (In order to separate mind from brain), it would be necessary to think of each neuron (as something distinct from its function), which is a little like [trying to separate the seawater (that provides the substance of an ocean wave) from the energy (that gives the wave its shape and motion)]. The existence of the wave requires both elements: (without energy), the wave would fall flat; (without water), the wave energy would have no expression. 仮定法過去 仮定法過去

(4)について This is why にしてしまいました。　 This is becauseというようなThis is whyの表現ではだめな理由を教えてください

(60分) Ⅰ 次の英文を読んで、下の設問 (1)~ (11) の語には注が付いています。 に答えなさい。 なお、 Food is fuel. When your body needs energy, you eat. When it doesn't you don't. It should be so simple when you think about it, but that's exactly the problem: us big smart humans can and do think about it, (, introduces all manner of problems and neuroses*. Have you noticed how you always have "room for dessert"? You might have just eaten the best part of a cow, or enough cheesy pasta to sink a gondola, but you can manage that fudge brownie or sundae. Why? How? If your stomach is full, how ice cream triple-scoop b) eating more even physically possible? It's largely because your brain makes an executive decision and decides that, no, you still have room. The sweetness of desserts is a palpable* reward (7)that the brain recognizes and wants so it overrules the stomach. C Exactly {c case is ③ is 4 the this why) uncertain. It may be that humans need quite a complex diet in order to remain in tip-top* condition, so rather than just relying on our basic metabolic systems to eat whatever is available, the brain steps in and tries to regulate our diet better. And this would be fine if that was all the brain does. But it doesn't. So it isn't. Learned associations are incredibly powerful when it comes ( d ) eating. You may be a big fan of something like, say, cake. You can be eating cake for years without any bother, then one day you eat some cake that makes you vomit. Could be some of the cream in it has gone sour; it might contain an ingredient you're allergic to; or (and here's the annoying one) it could be that something else entirely made you throw up shortly after eating cake. out of The disgust eating poiso g And it consider th The brain than food, it doesn't worryingl needlessl one of li shovelin the brai (注) (1) (2

紫のマーカーのwithの使い方と訳し方を教えて欲しいです！

When I was younger, I believed that everybody thought in photo- realistic pictures the same way I did, with images clicking through my mind a little bit like PowerPoint slides. I had no idea that most people are more word-centered than I am. For many people, it's words, not pictures, that shape thought. That's probably how our culture got to be so full of talk. Teachers lecture, religious leaders preach, politicians make speeches and we watch "talking heads" on TV. We call most of these people neurotypical they develop along predictable lines and communicate, for the most part, 白調症

わからないので教えてください。😭

B With a partner, take turns playing the roles of nurse and patient. Ask each other the questions you need to ask to fill out the application form below. One partner is Robert Jones, the other is Mary Woods. Robert William Jones D.O.B. 9/12/70 23-42 Shiizaki, Sakae-machi, Inba-gun, Chiba-ken, 289-1222 Tel.: 0475-72-1234 Businessman Stomachache Came to this hospital before with back pain in October, 2012 Mary Margaret Woods D.O.B. 7/31/80 7512 22nd Ave. N.W. Portland, Oregon 98115-4706 Tel.: (425) 791-8836 Housewife Sprained ankle First time at this hospital APPLICATION FORM Last Name month Date of Birth Address Telephone Occupation (Circle one) month Date First Name day year day year Middle Name Sex M / F years old Which department would you like to go to? (Circle one) 1 Self-employed 01 Internal Medicine 11 Obstetrics & Gynecology (OB/GYN) 2 Farmer/Skilled worker 02 Pediatrics 12 Ophthalmology (Eye doctor) 3 Civil servant 03 Surgery & Treatments 13 Dermatology (Skin doctor) 4 LO 00 5 6 Businessman Student Housewife 04 Orthopedics 14 Nutrition & Dietetics 05 Neurology 15 Radiology (X-ray) 06 Urology 16 Oral Surgery 7 Unemployed 07 Respiratory Medicine 17 Cardiology 8 Hospital employee 18 Plastic Surgery 08 Psychiatry 9 09 Otolaryngology (ENT) 19 Dentistry Other: (Please specify): 10 Anesthesiology 20 Allergy & Immunology 1. NO Have you ever been to this hospital before? 2. YES (Year: ) (Department: )

写真 2枚目の上の方にある 、asがどの用法のasか分かりません。 あなたが それらを観察するようにみたいな感じなんですかね？

4 1 Biologists [who study the evolution of human speech have S demonstrated that spoken language emerges (from our use of hand 0 and facial gestures)>, and a recent neuroimaging study showed that S 0 hand gestures and speech originate (in the same language-related area of the brain) >. 和訳 人間の話し方の進化を研究している生物学者たちは、話し言葉は私たちが手 振りと顔の表情を使うことから生まれるということを明らかにしており、 最近の 神経画像処理研究では、手ぶりと言葉は脳の言語に関連する同じ領域から生 まれていることがわかった。 originate 「起源とする」 2 This overlap [between words and gestures] appears to be associated with a rare cluster of brain cells [called "mirror neurons." 0 109 和訳 この言葉とジェスチャーの重複は、 「ミラー神経細胞」 と呼ばれる数少ない脳 細胞の塊に関連があるようだ。 cluster 「塊」 3 The neurons that fire in someone's brain (when they make a specific S

空所補充の問題で答えがwhomなのはわかるのですがなぜwhichがダメなのか説明出来ないので教えて頂きたいです。

20 47the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., interviewed a random sample of 1,321 people ages 70 to 89, most of (6) were cognitively normal, about the cognitive activities they engaged in late in life. The study, published in the rnal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, found that a/chance (7)

2行目のstainedの部分が，で区切られているのですがカンマがなくても後置修飾で意味が通ると思いました。何故カンマがついているのでしょうか？教えて頂きたいです。

microscope*. The scientists knew that old neurons would glow red しみをつける and new neurons, よこれる stained with BrdU, would glow green. The result? horo

2段落目の2行目についてです。 和訳を見たところ、ミカル シュワルツの研究に基づいて設立された、とあります。 ここで、"基づいて "は英文中のfound onのことなんでしょうか？

11 脊髄再生医療 英文] 11 It was a miracle of almost biblical proportions. In 1998, scientists in Israel revealed that rats whose spinal cords had been severed had called walked again after an injection of healing immune cells macrophages. Their hopes buoyed by enthusiastic media coverage, = paralysed patients began to dream of taking their own tentative steps. 12 Five years on, the status of those dreams remains unclear. Proneuron Biotechnologies, a Los Angeles-based company founded on the back of the research of lead investigator Michal Schwartz at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, is expected soon to release the results of an initial trial of the procedure on eight patients with spinal injuries. Media reports have indicated that some patients have recovered some feeling and movement, but many researchers do not expect a repeat of the rodent miracle. Indeed, they claim that at least one group has since tried, and failed, to reproduce Schwartz's original animal results.