fについてです 解説が載っていなかったため質問しています、。 なぜ、③を選ぶことができるのでしょうか？

Long-s doctrin holds that we are protected from fungi not just by layered immune defenses but ( e ) we are mammals*, with core temperatures higher than fungi prefer. The cooler outer surfaces of our bodies are at risk of minor assaults-think of athlete's foot*, yeast infections, ringworm*-but in people with healthy immune systems, invasive* infections have been ( f ). That may have left us overconfident. "We have an enormous (g) spot," says Arturo Casadevall, a physician and molecular microbiologist at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. "Walk into the street and ask people what are they afraid of, and they'll tell you they're afraid of bacteria, they're afraid of viruses, but they don't fear dying of fungi." Ironically, it is our successes that made us vulnerable*. Fungi exploit damaged immune systems, but before the mid-20th century people with impaired immunity didn't live very long. Since then, medicine has gotten very good at keeping such people (h), even though their immune systems are compromised by illness or cancer treatment or age. It has also developed an array of therapies that deliberately suppress immunity, to keep transplant recipients healthy and treat autoimmune* disorders such as lupus* and rheumatoid arthritis*. ( i ) vast numbers of people are living now who are especially vulnerable to fungi. Not all of our vulnerability is the fault of medicine preserving life so successfully. Other ( j ) actions have opened more doors between the fungal world and our own. We clear land for crops and settlement and perturb* what were stable balances between fungi and their hosts. We carry goods and animals across the world, and fungi hitchhike on them. We drench crops in fungicides* and enhance the resistance of organisms residing nearby. (s) ELSE

この文章に文構造を書き込んでいただきたいです🙇‍♀️

文章構造図 英文の黒網⇒キーセンテンス ...⇒別冊ナビブック本文解説 5 1 The recipe for making any creature is written in its DNA. So last year, when geneticists* published the near-complete DNA sequence of the long-extinct woolly mammoth, there was much speculation about whether we could bring this giant creature back to life. 10 e Creating a living, breathing creature from a genome* sequence that exists only in a computer's memory is not possible right now. But someone someday is sure to try it, predicts Stephan Schuster, a molecular biologist at Pennsylvania State University and a driving force behind the mammoth genome project. 3 So besides the mammoth, what other extinct beasts might we bring back to life? Well, [besides) it is only going to be possible with creatures for which we can recover a complete genome sequence. (1)Without one, there is no chance. And usually when a creature dies, the (=Without a complete genome sequence, there is no chance of bringing an extinct creature back to life.) DNA in any flesh left untouched is soon destroyed as it is attacked by sunshine and 2 leave O done) bacteria.

（4）の答えがthe problemでしたがsolving the problemではダメでしょうか？

humans. "We were able to identify one of the many molecular features that likely shape behavior," she adds. ** hol boquete es Though the origins of the dog/human partnership remain unknown, it's becoming increasingly clear that each species has changed (during our long years header The physical differences between a basset hound and wolf are obvious, but dogs have also changed in ways that are more than skin (or fur) deep. One recent study shows how by bonding with us and learning to work ogether with humans, dogs may have actually become worse at working together Their pack lifestyle and mentality appear to be reduced and are far as a species. less prevalent even in wild dogs than in wolves. But, Yale's Laurie Santos says, dogs may have compensated in other interesting ways. They've learned to use humans to solve problems. "Several researchers have presented dogs and wolves with an impossible problem (e.g., a puzzle box that can't be opened or a pulling tool that stops working) and have asked how these different species react," Santos explains. Researchers have found that wolves try lots of different trial and error tactics to solve the problem - they get at it physically. But at the first sign of trouble, dogs do something different. They look back to their human companion for help. This work hints that dogs may have lost some of their physical problem-solving abilities in favor of more social strategies, ones that rely on the unique sort of cooperation

ヌクレオチドってどこからくるんですか？

問12の解き方がわかりません

22.4L, 2.5g/L×22.4L=56g したがって, この気体の分子量は56である。 問 12 同温同圧において、 同じ体積の気体Aと窒素 N2 の質量を比較したところ, 気体Aの質量は窒素の質量の1.5倍であった。 気体Aの分子量はいくらか。 平均分子量 空気のような混合気体でも,モル 質量を考えることができる。 混合気体のモル質量 は, 成分気体のモル質量とその混合割合から求め られ,その数値を平均分子量という。たとえば, average molecular weight 図9のように, 空気を窒素と酸素が物質量比4:1 で混合した気体とすれば, 空気のモル質量は,次 のように求められる。 4 28.0g/mol× 4+1 窒素の モル質量 + 32.0g/mol× 窒素の 混合割合 酸素の モル質量 1 4+1 酸素の 混合割合 28.8g/mol (13) 空気のモル質量 したがって, 空気の平均分子量は28.8である。 合 b 16 ･酸素 分子 H窒素分子 空気 1 mol 体積 22.4L 窒素分子 6.02×10²×4個 酸素分子 6.02×102 × ÷個 モル質量 28.8g/mol. 図9 空気の構成 15 15 20 平均分子量 28.8) よりも重い(密度が大きい)ものを2

全文訳お願いします！

4 20 科学 420 words Chapter 1 The recipe for making any creature is written in its DNA. So last year, when 1-1 geneticists* published the near-complete DNA sequence of the long-extinct woolly mammoth, there was much speculation about whether we could bring this giant creature back to life. 5 東京理科大学 Creating a living, breathing creature from a genome* sequence that exists only in a computer's memory is not possible right now. But someone someday is sure to try it, predicts Stephan Schuster, a molecular biologist at Pennsylvania State University and a driving force behind the mammoth genome project. So besides the mammoth, what other extinct beasts might we bring back to life? Well, 12 10 it is only going to be possible with creatures for which we can recover a complete genome Without one, there is no chance. And usually when a creature dies, the (1) - DNA in any flesh left untouched is soon destroyed as it is attacked by sunshine and bacteria. sequence. There are, however, some circumstances in which DNA can be preserved. If your 15 specimen froze to death in an icy wasteland such as Siberia, or died in a dark cave or a really dry region, for instance, then the probability of finding some intact stretches of DNA is much higher. Even in ideal conditions, though, no genetic information is likely to survive more than a million years. - so dinosaurs are out and only much younger remains are likely to yield good-quality DNA. "It's really only worth studying specimens that are less than 100,000 years old," says Schuster. The genomes of several extinct species besides the mammoth are already being sequenced, but turning these into living creatures will not be easy. "It's hard to say that something will never ever be possible," says Svante Pääbo of the Max Planck Institute 25 for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany, "but it would require technologies so far removed from what we currently have that I cannot imagine how it would be done." But then (3) 50 years ago, who would have believed we would now be able to read the instructions for making humans, fix inherited diseases, clone mammals and be close to creating artificial life? Assuming that we will develop the necessary technology, we have 30 selected ten extinct creatures that might one day be resurrected. Our choice is based not just on practicality, but also on each animal's "charisma" - just how exciting the prospect of resurrecting these animals is. 1-3

(b)で下線部が分子量だとダメな理由って何ですか？ 鎌田の理論化学を読んでもあまり納得できませんでした

A カマタ P21 14. <化学の数量的な基礎用語》 次の記述のうちから,下線部の語が正しく使われているものを3つ選べ。 (a) 塩化ナトリウムの分子量は 58.5である。 (b) 銅の単体の式量は 63.5 である。 (c) 12C の原子量は12である。 (d) 水分子6.02×103個の物質量は1mol である。 [15 北里大改) (e) 空気のみかけのモル質量は 28.8g/mol である。

波線部の「塩化ナトリウムのように分子とよべるユニットが見当たらないような物質」とはどういうことでしょうか。

STAGE 3分子量と式量 の別冊 p.5~7 o 物質の元素構成を元素記号で表したものを化学式といいます。 原子が特定の chemical forimula みんし ぶんし 比率で結合してできた複合的な粒子を分子といい, 分子を表した化学式を分子 molecule molecular formula しき 式といいます。 例えば、水という物質を構成している基本粒子は, 水素原子2つと酸素原子 1つが集まってできた水分子で,分子式では H.O と表します。 『H.O』と書く 拡大 1は省略 また,ダイヤモンドのような超巨大分子や,塩化大トリウムのように分子と よべるユニットが見当たらないような物質を化学式で表す場合は, 一般に元素 の組成を最も簡単な整数比で表します。 これは組成式とよばれています。 そ せいしき Compositional formula ダイヤモンドは炭素1つ, 塩化ナトリウムはナトリウムと塩素1つずつで, 最も簡単な物質の組成単位なので, 次のように表します。 拡大 『C』と書く ダイヤモンド 拡大 『NaCl』と書く 塩化ナトリウム の結晶 原子量の値を用いて, 分子1個の相対質量や組成式1単位分の相対質量を表 したものを化学式量といい, 前者を分子量, 後者を式量といいます。 ぶん しりょう しきりょう molecular weight formula weight chemical formula weight 03 物質量 21

まったく分かりません教えてください

約16 次の表は, 油脂 A (fats and oils)を構成する脂肪酸 (fatty acid) である。 リノール酸 オレイン酸 C,HCOOH ステアリン酸 C,Ha,COOH 油脂A 44.3 gを完全にけん化(saponification) するのに必要な水酸化カリウム KOH は,8.40gであった。また, 油脂 A 100gに付加したヨウ素I,は, 57.3gであっ た。この油脂Aの平均分子量(average molecular weight) と, 考えられる構造異性 体(stractural isomer)はいくつあるか。それらの組み合わせとして最も適当なもの を,次の0~6の中から一つ選びなさい。ただし, 立体異性体は含めないものとする。| 16 平均分子量 構造異性体の数 の 884 2 884 3 884 4 886 2 886 3 6 886 4 ○|の

molecular compounds と covalent bonds は一緒ですか？ covalent bonds は電子を共有しないんですよね、で、molecular compounds はどうなんでしょう？