赤線部分についてです。私は｢any species｣を｢いかなる種｣と訳したのですが、日本語訳や解説を見るに、"any species"は"a species"という意味を表してるそうです。今までanyにひとつの物を限定するイメージを持っておらず、調べてもあまり理解できなか... Read More

2 Unit 20-Cognitive Linguistics- | 519 words / 筑波大 1 識別 One of the most important things that language does for us is help us make distinctions. implicitly, automatically all other When we call something edible, we distinguish it from - R オ 2 5 things that are inedible. When we call something a fruit, we necessarily distinguish it from vegetables, meat, dairy, and so on. 初期の人 組織した。彼らの精神と 基本的な私たちがまた 有効的に ② (1) Early humans organized their minds and thoughts around basic distinctions/that we still make and find useful. One of the earliest distinctions made was between now/and not-now; / these things are happening in the moment these other things happened in the past and are now in my memory. No other species makes this self-conscious distinction among past, present, and future. Of course many species respond to time by building nests, flying south, hibernating", 10 mating but these are preprogrammed, instinctive behaviors and these actions are not the 物体の永抂 result of conscious decision, meditation, or planning. 13 Simultaneous with an understanding of now versus before is one of (2) object permanence: Something may not be in my immediate view, but that does not mean it has ceased to exist. Our 存在をつかむではない? 何かはすぐには見えないかも brains represent objects that are here-and-now as the information comes in from our sensory 2 15 receptors For example, we see a deer and we know through our eyes that the deer is standing n& right before us! When the deer is gone we can remember its image and represent it in our mind's eve, or even represent it externally by drawing or painting or sculpting it. Jon 上の 4 This human capacity to distinguish the here-and-now from the here-and-not-now.showed up 初の記校 なだがここにあって、何がここにあったか at least 50,000 years ago in cave paintings. (3) These constitute the first evidence of any species on 芝援 識別 ひきる 120 earth being able to explicitly represent the distinction between what is here and what was here. In as other words those early cave-dwelling Picassos, through the very act of painting, were making a distinction about time and place and objects, an advanced cognitive operation we now call mental representation* And what they were demonstrating was an articulated sense of time: There was a deer out there (not here on the cave wall of course). He is not there now, but he was there before. 25 Now and before are different; here (the cave wall) is merely representing there (the meadow in front of the cave). This prehistoric step in the organization of our minds mattered a great deal. 5 In making such distinctions, (4) we are implicitly forming categories, something that is often す overlooked The formation of categories in humans is guided by a cognitive principle of wanting 多くの何報をできる! 325 h to encode as much information as possible with the least possible effort. Categorization systems optimize* the ease of conception and the importance of being able to communicate about those hibernate 冬眠する sensory receptor: 感覚受容器 (体の周囲の環境情報を感知する受容器の総称。 目、鼻、耳など) cognitive : 認識の mental representation 的表象(例えば人が「イヌ」を考えるとき、それは頭の中で文字でも映像でも 音でもない 何らかの形で思い描かれるが,この「頭の中の記号」のことを心的表象という) encode:・・・を記号化する optimize ... を最大限にする permeate : ･･･ に広がる 英 6 音

英検2級のライティング添削お願いします。アドバイス等もお願いします

以下の英文を読んで その内容を45~55語の英語で要約し, 解答欄に記入しなさい。 解答は、解答用紙のB面にある英文要約解答欄に書きなさい。 なお、解答欄の外 に書かれたものは採点されません。 解答が英文の要約になっていないと判断された場合は, 0点と採点されることが あります。英文をよく読んでから答えてください。 Nowadays, consumers have become increasingly concerned about various environmental issues across different industries. Within these trends, reducing wrapping materials has attracted particular attention. Recently, more businesses have begun adopting this policy. What are the benefits of this? Reducing wrapping materials significantly lowers the overall environmental impact. Fewer wrapping materials mean less waste is created and fewer natural resources are consumed. Additionally, decreasing wrapping materials can ease the financial burden on producers. It leads to lower production costs and allows companies to offer their products at more reasonable prices to consumers. However, reducing wrapping materials does have some drawbacks. Products could suffer quality issues because wrapping materials help protect them from damage during transportation. Moreover, reducing the amount of wrapping paper may result in consumers having to pay for wrapping when buying gifts and other items. Thus, some people find this annoying and inconvenient.

この問題の本来の並びと解くコツを教えてください。 1問だけでもいいのでお願いします🙇

2 語句を並べ替えてもっとも自然な英文を完成させ、2番目と5番目に入れるも のの記号を書きなさい。 ただし、文頭に来る語も小文字にしてある。 [各2点] 1. (1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) Japan did not work properly in France. A. the B. from C. that D. hair dryer E. brought F. I 2. I'm not sure ( 1 )(2)( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) the library before it closes. A. to D. make B. we E. can C. it F. if ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) on 3. This application ( 1 our smartphones into line drawings. A. pictures B. us C. taken D. enables E. turn F. to 4. I thought it difficult, ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ), to persuade ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) wearing that costume. A. impossible D. out B. of E. Rick C. if F. not ) New Year's cards is becoming far ) before. 5. The ( 1 )(2)(3 )(5)(6 (4 A. of D. than B. common C. sending E. less F. practice

この問題を教えて欲しいです🙇‍♀️

Two baskets each contain 5 red apples and 2 green apples. Celia chooses an apple at random from each basket. a Draw a tree diagram to illustrate the possible outcomes. b Find the probability that Celia chooses: I two red apples ¡¡ one red and one green apple.

これで合っていますか？ 空欄の答えは教えていただきたいです！！ 1枚目は右の条件を使っていただきたいです🙇🏻‍♀️

Put into English の使い方 どのような否定表現を使うかを考えてみましょう。 1 健康ほど大切なものはない。 2 私はその事件とは何の関係もなかった. ▷ 事件 incident 3 私たちは、何の苦もなくその問題を解決した. Pointers guitton O nothing を主語に idy 1X) 「~と何の関係もない」 have nothing to do with il no difficulty (in) を使って [分] ~ ⇒ not everyone で始め て not always を使って 香 4 だれもかれもがプロの歌手になれるというわけではない. ▷ プロの professional avawls 10 (... Juod 5 よい学者が必ずしもよい先生とは限らない . ▷ 学者 scholarl 6 メアリーは父親を説得できなかった. ▷ 説得する persuade 7 貧しくてもひもじくても、 彼は絵を描くのをやめなかった. ▷ 貧しさ poverty ひもじさ hunger J fail to を使って ➡ neither を使って ⑧ 交通の激しい通りを渡るときはいくら用心してもしすぎることはない。 cannot ▷ 交通の激しい通り busy street ⑨ 私が到着するとすぐに, コンサートが始まった。封入 私が到着するとすぐに,コンサートが始まった. ni (benuini Jog 40 一昨日のパーティーでまさか彼に会うとは思わなかった. 〔関西学院大 * ] 本 ~ ~ nor (3 too... hardly [scarcely] を使って ✓ the last person を使って 11 その問題は心配する価値はまったくないと思います。 〔関西学院大 I don'tを使って *〕 12 何も買わずにあのパン屋さんを通り過ぎることはできない。 〔立命館大*〕「~することなしに」 ▷ パン屋 bakery 9dt mi (stui w f without ~ing dallim)

(B) don't open かと思ったら (D) will not openで強い拒絶「どうしてもvしない」を表すらしいのですが、 なぜdon't openだと❌なのですか？変えることの出来ない真理 事実 だから 引き出しは 特別な鍵なしでは開かない→→変えることの出... Read More

4. The desk drawer (A) can never (C) mustn't not open without a special key. (B) do (D) will DOD AB 5. This computer (A) belongs (C) belongs to Ms. Jennings on the third floor. (B) is belonged

・英文法 接続詞 下の写真の問題の答え合わせをして欲しいです宜しくお願いします

2) ob of Exercise I 1) (Both/Either/Neither) my father and mother like traveling. 2) Please (both/either/neither) call or email me. 3)適切な現在形 be動詞を入れなさい。 SW 1. Both Judy and I (are) crazy about snowboarding. 2. Either you or I (have) mistaken. 3. Not only Tom but also you (are) to blame for the accident. Exercise2 次の()にand, but, or, nor, for のうち適当なものを一つずつ入れなさい。 1) Tom was very sad, (but) tried to be cheerful. 2) I didn't tell her the secret, (hor) did my brother. 3) Come here, (and) you can see the fireworks* better. ④ Dan must have gone this way, (for) here are his footprints. 5) They are free now, (for) at least they seem to be free. 少なくとも Exercise 3()内の語のうち適当なほうを選びなさい。 1) It's true the book is useful, (and, but) it's expensive. and (and, but) 2) Our car is rather old, (so, yet it runs very well. 3) Not only Pat but also I (am, is) ready to help you. 4) Fred as well as I (am, is) fond of drawing pictures. あしあと 2

この、only withのところは初めてと訳すんですか？ 訳し方がよく分からなくて教えて欲しいです🙇🏻‍♀️՞

例題 44 Historians have described how life periods became demar- S 'S' V cated (in Western societies over the past centuries. Only with industrialization and the appearance of a middle class and formally organized schools did childhood become a clearly definable period of time.) 読解プロセス S (E) demarcate: to mark by bounds; to draw the line <群馬大>

下から2行目のto seeのtoは結果を表すtoでしょうか？

目標時間 ■2分19秒 音声 noitqmurenos baya 1 Social norms are unwritten rules that govern the way that people behave within a society or group. These norms provide stability in the long run, preventing the society from decaying into chaos, and ensuring that even monumental change happens slowly. But they also 5 strongly influence individuals to conform to society. For instance, one study in the 1950s showed this very clearly. New students at a university were randomly assigned to live among either conservative students or liberal students. The researchers observed that these new students gradually adapted their values and beliefs over time to fit the 10 norms of their surroundings. 2 Other studies have shown that people followed group norms even when they had direct evidence that contradicted the norm. For example, in one study, people were asked to estimate the length of a line drawn on a piece of paper. People's estimates followed a group norm Soini insmye daug goland that the group 15 even in cases when people could see with their own eyes was wrong. 301 10 aniq 3 Social norms often stifle creativity in groups. To the extent that creativity is the result of "thinking outside the box," groups do not normally reward creative individuals, but instead ignore them or 20 even push them out of the group completely. This often works to the businesses who strive to attract creative talent to detriment of many their organization only to see them become unproductive under the pressure of conformance to norms. To O do (233 words) bonaq otaqisins 125 St.

５の文のget以下のHOMEは帰還という意味で合ってます?

OSTH も 2 13 Gene Kranz, the flight director, grabs a piece of chalk and draws a simple S V 0 0 illustration (on the blackboard). It shows the damaged spacecraft's path [from S V 0 際 outer space, around the moon, and (hopefully) back to the earth's surface]. 5 The C 使 goal is clear:(To get the astronauts home safely), Mission Control has to keep で) に と 「い」 まい SVC 帰る コロン (:) 具体化 S them alive and on the right course (for every minute [of that journey]). 0 C 200 3 C 主任のジーン・クランツは, 1本のチョークを持って黒板に簡単な図を描く。 5 損傷を負った宇宙飛行船が大気圏外から, 月を周回し、そして(願わ を無事に帰還させるために, 宇宙管制センターは彼らが死なないように, 球上に帰還する航路を示すものである。 目的は明確だ。 すなわち宇宙 飛行中に彼らが一瞬たりとも正しい航路を外れないようにする必要がある。 flight director 飛行主任/ grab つかむ/chalk 名 チョーク/illustration 21