Mathematics
Undergraduate

位相幾何学
2種トーラス、ホモロジー群、サイクル
このxとyがこのように表されるのはなぜでしょうか?教えてください

Z4 Z2 K Express the cycles x and y using Z1,22,23, and z4. /Z1 サイクルx,yを Z1,22,Z3, Z4を用いて表わせ K K X y= Z1 + Z3 x = Z2 - Z4
トーラス ホモロジー群

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