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TOEIC・英語 大学生・専門学校生・社会人

下線部(1)の文構造が分かりません。特に2行目の文構造が分かりません。強調のdoであることは分かりますが、その後のthat以降が関係詞?かすらも分からないので、誰か教えて下さい!

次の英文は1991年に出版された本からのもので、 研究分野としての「人工知 能」 (Artificial Intelligence) について述べています。 下線部(1)~(3)を日本語に訳 しなさい。 What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Just about the only characterization of Al that would meet with universal acceptance is that it involves trying to make machines do tasks which are normally seen as requiring intelligence. There are countless refinements of this characterization: what sort of machines we want to consider; how we decide what tasks require intelligence and so on. One of the most important questions concerns the reasons why we want to make machines do such tasks. AI has always been split between people who want to make machines do tasks that require intelligence because they want more useful machines, and people who want to do it because they see it as a way of exploring how humans do such tasks. We will call the two approaches the engineering approach and the cognitive-science respectively. (2) (1) approach The techniques required for the two approaches are not always very different. For many of the tasks that engineering AI wants solutions to, the only systems we know about that can perform them are humans), so that, at least initially, the obvious way to design solutions is to try to mimic what we know about humans. For many of the tasks that cognitive-science Al wants solutions to, the evidence on how humans do them is too hard to interpret to enable us to construct computational models, so the only approach is to try to design solutions from scratch" and then see how well they fit what we know about humans. The main visible difference between the two approaches is in (3) their criteria for success; an engineer would be delighted to have create something that outperformed a person; a cognitive scientist would regard it as a failure. -1- M7 (492-61

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英語 高校生

英語 これの答えなんだと思いますか?解いてみたのですが答えがなくて自信がありません。15番の選択肢は①ago ②from now ③past ④in です。 答えだけでかまいませんお願いします🙇‍♀️

A frosty Novemper morning decorates the leafless trees to perfection. When I went up the hill, the white frost was sparkling, and the of milky mist hanging in the air. 6 trees arose on all sides. There were layers The frost has not yet taken to lingering* on the trees in the morning. The air was soon mild. When I went to plant a new tree just received from the nursery*, a gentle moistnes prevailed. Planting trees is pleasant work, encouraging I dug the hole, the soil moved easily beneath the spade, soft and damp. thought about the future, and especially 7 so when conditions are as favorable as this. The weak roots settle 9 into the loam and compost and bone-meal*, pressed into the pit that has been dug; and the infant" thing, little more than a twig, is magnified in the 10 into a handsome and graceful maturity. The village has responded readily 11 the urgings* to plant more trees. In various corners single saplings* are being installed; where more space is available, groups are being planted. A decision as to 12 is not arrived at without much discussion, opinion being split, in general terms, between decorative exoties which put on a great show of blossom and those less showy trees, unfortunately slower in growth, which are more 13 to the village scene. To my relief the latter choice has been preferred. My immediate contribution has been to plant on the grassy edge of the lane which passes my house. 14 there is no room_for anything tall, I chose a white hawthorn*, and as I set it in the earth I could picture it giving pleasure to people who will walk along this lane many years 15 long after I am dead. [注] linger「とどまる」、nursery「苗床」 loam and compost and bone-meal 「黒土(ローム)と堆肥と骨粉」 infant「未発達の」、urging「奨励」、sapling「苗木」、 hawthorn 「セイョウサンザシ」 問6 0 green 2 rich 3 bare fallen 6 問7 0 Below As ③ Though Above 7 間8 0 for 2) dark ③ pessimistic の optimistic 8 問9 0 up hard unresistingly with difficulties 9 問10 0 imagination 2 real ③ future の life 10 問11 0 for ③ to by 11 on 問12 0 the way of planting の what to plant ③ how to plant 0 plant or not 12 問13 の traditional 2 colorful ③ dangerous 0 against 13 問140 If As long as 3 Unless Since 14

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