赤線部分についてです。私は｢any species｣を｢いかなる種｣と訳したのですが、日本語訳や解説を見るに、"any species"は"a species"という意味を表してるそうです。今までanyにひとつの物を限定するイメージを持っておらず、調べてもあまり理解できなか... 続きを読む

2 Unit 20-Cognitive Linguistics- | 519 words / 筑波大 1 識別 One of the most important things that language does for us is help us make distinctions. implicitly, automatically all other When we call something edible, we distinguish it from - R オ 2 5 things that are inedible. When we call something a fruit, we necessarily distinguish it from vegetables, meat, dairy, and so on. 初期の人 組織した。彼らの精神と 基本的な私たちがまた 有効的に ② (1) Early humans organized their minds and thoughts around basic distinctions/that we still make and find useful. One of the earliest distinctions made was between now/and not-now; / these things are happening in the moment these other things happened in the past and are now in my memory. No other species makes this self-conscious distinction among past, present, and future. Of course many species respond to time by building nests, flying south, hibernating", 10 mating but these are preprogrammed, instinctive behaviors and these actions are not the 物体の永抂 result of conscious decision, meditation, or planning. 13 Simultaneous with an understanding of now versus before is one of (2) object permanence: Something may not be in my immediate view, but that does not mean it has ceased to exist. Our 存在をつかむではない? 何かはすぐには見えないかも brains represent objects that are here-and-now as the information comes in from our sensory 2 15 receptors For example, we see a deer and we know through our eyes that the deer is standing n& right before us! When the deer is gone we can remember its image and represent it in our mind's eve, or even represent it externally by drawing or painting or sculpting it. Jon 上の 4 This human capacity to distinguish the here-and-now from the here-and-not-now.showed up 初の記校 なだがここにあって、何がここにあったか at least 50,000 years ago in cave paintings. (3) These constitute the first evidence of any species on 芝援 識別 ひきる 120 earth being able to explicitly represent the distinction between what is here and what was here. In as other words those early cave-dwelling Picassos, through the very act of painting, were making a distinction about time and place and objects, an advanced cognitive operation we now call mental representation* And what they were demonstrating was an articulated sense of time: There was a deer out there (not here on the cave wall of course). He is not there now, but he was there before. 25 Now and before are different; here (the cave wall) is merely representing there (the meadow in front of the cave). This prehistoric step in the organization of our minds mattered a great deal. 5 In making such distinctions, (4) we are implicitly forming categories, something that is often す overlooked The formation of categories in humans is guided by a cognitive principle of wanting 多くの何報をできる! 325 h to encode as much information as possible with the least possible effort. Categorization systems optimize* the ease of conception and the importance of being able to communicate about those hibernate 冬眠する sensory receptor: 感覚受容器 (体の周囲の環境情報を感知する受容器の総称。 目、鼻、耳など) cognitive : 認識の mental representation 的表象(例えば人が「イヌ」を考えるとき、それは頭の中で文字でも映像でも 音でもない 何らかの形で思い描かれるが,この「頭の中の記号」のことを心的表象という) encode:・・・を記号化する optimize ... を最大限にする permeate : ･･･ に広がる 英 6 音

the sensory processes that make perception possible actually separate you from ever accessing that reality directly. everの訳し方とactuallyが形容... 続きを読む

この文章の文構造がわからないので教えて頂きたいです。2行目のareの主語はどこにあるのでしょうか？

(2) Perceptual blindness is a striking example of the way the brain is highly selective in deciding which elements of the sensory information available to it are consciously perceived. A remarkable illustration of this is provided by a short video made by Daniel Simons and Christopher Chabris. The video shows a group of young people ③ 11- to

最後の文でbutの後が動名詞として使われているのですが文と動名詞は名詞の役割をするのでSV関係が成り立っておらず、文として成立しなくなってしまうのではないかと思いました。なぜこのような形が取れるのか教えて頂きたいです。

したに abstractions. Indeed, it may not have been thinking at all. <In most いしてないかもしれない animals partial sensory deprivation can lead to hallucinations*, and ☆文を切ります extreme deprivation to madness, the "thoughts" of the monkey's brain can Fed lead to 56 動 may not have been meaningful or clear thoughts, but nerve cells firing randomly. rld M XC 1つの出来事

9行目のitが何を指しているかということと、have been thinkingが完了進行形の受動態として使われているのか、be動詞の完了形でthinkingが名詞として使われているのかわからないので教えて頂きたいです。 よろしくお願いします。

10 5 おかれる a 不気味 71 1/In a disgusting series of experiments in the early 1960s, a surgeon in America cut open the heads of monkeys and removed their brains. サ ◎Then he placed each brain on an apparatus specially designed to V3 C 機能する supply it with nutrients that would keep it alive] It seemed to work. (1) VS 0 C Brain waves were produced as they would be from a living brain 文理由 (付帯も precace 「被っているので省略さ ことが多 lasは前のもので内容が However deprived of any kind of sensory input no sights nor sounds, つまり no tastes nor smells, no touching nor feeling, no pleasure nor pain its thinking must/necessarily have been limited to memories and したにちがいない abstractions. Indeed, it may not have been thinking at all. <In most してないかもしれない animals, partial sensory deprivation can lead to hallucinations*, and ☆文を切りはす 狂気 extreme deprivation to madness, the “thoughts” of the monkey's brain can Fed lead to よくこびmay not have been meaningful or clear thoughts, but nerve cells firing randomly. M XC 1つの出来事 動名

まるでくくってあるpossibleってなんの役割ですか？ 和訳は線を引いてあるところだとおもうのですが、possibleが名詞の後にきているのもよくわかりません💦

42 と Cどちらにも what節が使われてい わないことが大切です。 5 (this+ は 「まとめ表現」 直前の内容がわからなくても, puzzling question 「難解な問い」 について話しているのだ と判断できます。 hall は S の Theyと同格です。 1 2 The answer is that we S don't see reality). 2 The world s (just) that we don't see it. We do not experience the world (as it is 4 O (because our brain didn't evolve (to do so)). 5 It is a kind of paradox: Your SV- brain gives you the impression that your perceptions are (objectively) O 同格のthat V 3 exists. ³ It's s AS real), yet the sensory processes [that make perception possible] (actually) separate you (from ever accessing that reality directly). Our five senses are 6 O S V- like a keyboard [to a computer] - they provide the means for us [to process S 比喩 不定詞の意味上のS V 新発 仕事 語句 験 ドm F im / 31 引味~ f

接続詞についてです。 以下のyetは your perceptions are objectively real と the sensory processes that make perception 10 possible actually separate you ... 続きを読む

下線部(4)の和訳に関してです。 どうしてfindが使われていて、かつ、このような和訳になっているのかがわかりません。 また、underの対象が明記されていないのは省略でしょうか？

次の英文を読み, 下記の設問に答えなさい。 There are few things on this planet that give me greater joy than making my home the most comfortable, relaxing place possible. So, one winter a few years ago, when my fiancé had a bout of insomnia, I sprang into action, gathering all the things that held promise for a great sleep: black-out curtains, a white noise machine, and the cult favorite a weighted blanket. Weighted blankets, which cost anywhere from $100 and up, are a sleep aid usually made in a duvet style, with the many squares throughout filled with heavy beads. Lovers of the weighted blanket claim that under its weight they can relax faster, leading to a better and deeper sleep. These blankets weigh anywhere from 5 to 14 kg, and manufacturers generally recommend choosing one that's not more than 10 percent of your body weight, although this seems to be just a rule of thumb and not based on scientific study. [1] "Absolutely love it," my friend Greg Malone tells me over Facebook one day. "Rotating shifts makes [a] to sleep hard, but my girlfriend got me one as a gift, and I have found it's made a big difference in falling and staying asleep.' However, Deep Pressure Therapy (DPT)— the act of using firm but gentle pressure on the body to reduce anxiety has been practiced for centuries in various forms. In 1987, a limited study found that many college students who used DPT reported feeling less anxious after [b] full-body pressure for 15 minutes (in an adorably titled "Hug'm Machine"), although the researchers did not note any physical changes like lowered heart rate or blood pressure that would indicate the participants were more relaxed. That being said, a 2016 study found that patients who used a weighted blanket while having their wisdom teeth removed tended to have a slower heart rate than (2)patients who underwent the procedure without, which may indicate that they were more relaxed. However, many patients didn't report feeling more relaxed, and since they each only went through the procedure once, it's difficult to tell if the weighted blanket was the key to calming down. 2 Some say that simply the fact that a weighted blanket makes it more difficult to toss and turn at night makes for a better night's sleep, while others claim it has something to do with [c] the blood vessels on the surface of our skin that causes our heart rate to slow down. It also could be that the feeling reminds us of times when we felt the safest, like getting a hug from someone who cares for us or when our parents would swaddle us as newborns. 3 Similar to how many people adore the feeling of a soft blanket against their skin or can't relax without their favorite scented candle burning, others might connect with the feeling of gentle, full- body pressure. The trick is finding the sensory cue that makes you the most comfortable. "Weighted blankets have been around for a long time, especially for kids with autism or behavioral disturbances," Dr. Cristina Cusin, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, told Harvard Health. "It is one of the sensory tools commonly used in psychiatric units. Patients who are in distress may choose different types of sensory activities holding a cold object, [d] particular aromas, manipulating dough, building objects, doing arts and crafts - to try to calm down." My fiancé immediately disliked the 9-kg blanket I had picked up and said it made him feel like he was trapped. He's not alone in (3) this. "I liked it at first, but then as the night went on, I felt trapped," Heather Eickmann, a family friend, told me. "Also, I sleep on my side, and it really started to make my hip and knee joints ache." With the weighted blanket making my partner's sleep worse, I decided to give it a try myself. And (4) while I didn't find it too heavy to curl up under, the 9-kg blanket did turn making the bed into a small strength exercise. Overall, I tend to be a good sleeper, so swapping out blankets didn't make any outstanding differences to the quality of my snooze. However, later that summer, (5) ² を使ってみたら, まったく別の理由で夜中に目をさましているのに気づいた。 The blanket was HOT. [ Jones, Emma. "Can Weighted Blankets Help You Sleep Better?" Healthing 15. 11 May 2021. 出題の都合上、原文の一部に変更を加えている。】 設問 1. 下線部(1)を日本語に訳しなさい。 ただし, "one” の具体的内容を文脈に即して明らかにすること。 2. 下線部(2)の具体的内容を文脈に即して30字以内 (句読点も含む) の日本語で説明しなさい。 3. 下線部(3)の具体的内容を文脈に即して35字以内 (句読点も含む) の日本語で説明しなさい。 4. 下線部(4)を日本語に訳しなさい。 5. 下線部(5) を英語に訳しなさい。

下線部を訳す問題で、赤い所の単語が分かりませんでした。 そんな時は、どのように訳せば良いですか？

91 5 次の狩猟に関する英文を読み、以下の設問に答えよ。 (配点 60点) It's November, opening morning of deer hunting season in Wisconsin I'm in my treestand just inside the woods, /very close to open land which does not allow hunting. White-tailed deer live on the open land all year, and my treestand is just above a route they often use to escape when feeling threatened. and/A As they move I see, six white-tailed "does with a 10-point buck in the open land/ farther away, am curious:/What would they do if I shot into the ground? My gunshot echoes in the narrow valley making it difficult to pinpoint the source of the noise. After the sound settles, does burst through a gap in the woods and disappear into the bushes below my stand/ I hold my breath as the buck quarters toward me I feel lucky but also regretful in a clearing only 25 yards away. I take the shot. that my anticipated long day in the woods is over, with plenty of processing work (2) ahead. Admittedly, along with luck, my understanding of resident deer habits helped me punch my buck tag. A modern hunter with knowledge of whitetail behavior and sophisticated modern weaponry can successfully ambush deer. /That raises questions about human hunting capabilities. Do modern humans have the のうりょくこ capabilities physical and sensory of ancient hunters? Or have we lost those skills because of our reliance on technology? My short answer to both questions is yes. (3) Recent analyses from archaeological sites in Olduvai Gorge, in East Africa's 考古学 Great Rift Valley, established the capability of humans living nearly 2 million years ago to ambush "wildebeest-size prey using simple wooden spears at close range. I believe that humans today still possess the capabilities of the ancients. Those skills

どなたか教えてください🙇🏻‍♂️

22 2 Choose the underlined part that is INCORRECT. (15) (1) This computer, that has been broken for weeks, must be repaired. 1 3 (2) Some mammals, such as cats, use their tongues for grooming, certain reptiles, such as snakes, functions as sensory organs. 4 whereas /7 (摂南大) those of ( 青山学院大 )