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次の英文を読んで、設問に答えなさい。
Everybody wants to eat delicious and safe food. However, exposure to different cultures reveals
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how people's attitudes towards food safety and taste are not all innate or biological. Assumptions and
practices regarding the preparation and presentation of food highlight the influence of culture on what
and how people eat. For example, in one culture, some kinds of fresh ingredients might be considered
edible (a), that is, without any kind of preparation like washing, peeling or heating. Yet in another
culture, the same foodstuff may require some kind of preparation before it can be eaten.
It is often difficult for people from the same culture to view such activities and beliefs objectively, and
so witnessing the food practices of other cultures can be surprising. Sashimi is a great example of this.
While sashimi may be the result of several steps of preparation from cleaning and cutting, to a
particular style of presentation - heating is not one of these steps. (2)Japanese consumers take it for
granted
Cultures, the conventional belief may be that real and fish require some sort of cooking, such as baking
or frying, (3) in order (b) them to be considered edible. In these cultures, sashimi is not thought of as
raw, delicious and safe to eat, but rather as uncooked, and therefore possibly unsafe to eat, regardless of
how it may taste. Fresh chicken eggs are another raw foodstuff commonly eaten in Japan — as a topping
for rice, or as a dipping sauce for sukiyaki, for example but most people in the UK or the USA
believe that chicken eggs require some kind of heating before they are fit for human consumption.
However, the ways in which people from other cultural backgrounds eat certain foods might be
considered equally unconventional by many Japanese. For example, few Japanese would eat the skin of
apples or grapes. In this case, the difference involved in the preparation of the food is not the use of
heat, but the removal of part of the foodstuff. People in much of the world eat apples and grapes
without peeling them. A European might think, What could be more healthy and delicious than
picking an apple from the tree and eating it?' But this way of thinking is not shared by a large number
of Japanese.
(4)
It is clear that different cultures have different conventions regarding the preparation of particular
foods, and different beliefs about what is considered delicious. However, there is no question that some
common food preparation practices - or sometimes a lack of certain food preparation processes - are
unsafe from a scientific point of view. However delicious they may be, raw meat and fish can contain the
eggs of harmful parasites like tapeworms, which are often undetectable. If chicken eggs are not properly
stored, and are left unconsumed for a long time, they can easily produce bacteria like salmonella. The
poisoning caused by salmonella does not usually require hospitalization, but it can be very dangerous for
young children and elderly people. In addition, while eating the skin of apples and grapes may be a
good source of dietary fiber, one also runs the risk of consuming insecticides, the poisons that are used
to protect many non-organically farmed fruits from insects. So, while there may be 'no accounting for
taste' beyond culture, safety is a different issue, and (5) we should always be aware of the risks involved
with culturally accepted methods of food production and consumption.
問1 下線部 (1)で,空欄 ( a )に入る最も適切な語句を, (A)~(D)から選び, 記号で答えなさい。
(A) as is clear
(B) as is fresh
(C) as they are
(D) as unclean
問2
問3
問4
問5
下線部(2)を日本語に訳しなさい。
下線部 (3)の空欄(b)に入る語(1語) を書きなさい。
下線部(4) を日本語に訳しなさい。
下線部 (5)の理由として最も適切なものを, (A)~(D) から選び,記号で答えなさい。
(A) Eating raw chicken eggs or unpeeled fruits can be dangerous in certain conditions because of
harmful bacteria or pesticides.
(B) Eating unpeeled apples or grapes may cause weight gain.
(C) Only young children and elderly people are vulnerable to particular bacteria.
(D) Beliefs about what is considered delicious actually come from better understanding of food
preparation.
問6 本文の内容と一致するものを, (A)~(G)から3つ選び,記号で答えなさい。
(A) By food preparation processes, the author exclusively means the use of heat.
(B) Culturally established ways of consuming food may conflict with scientific principles of food safety.
(C) In some food cultures outside Japan, fish in its raw state is not categorized as an edible foodstuff.
(D) People having little contact with other cultures tend to view their own food-related conventions as
natural and standard.
(E) Repeated exercise is required for the mastery of any food preparation.
(F) Instinct alone determines what and how people eat.
(G) All cultures around the world consider it natural to eat unpeeled fruit.
