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物理 高校生

物理 光学 の範囲です。問題の答えは出るのですが、「右ページ下のはてなマークが書いてある、t0が最小到達時間であるから時間差は0でよい」の意味が理解できません。 うまく言い表せなくて申し訳ないのですが、教えてくださったら幸いです🙇‍♀️🙇‍♀️

***Exercise 図 を0, 上での光の屈折を考える. 点P (-1, y) から出た光は,原点Oで屈折し、点Q から 波に 制限時間20分 図のように、屈折率 n, の媒質I と屈折率 n2 の媒質Ⅱの境界上に軸をとり フェルマーの原理によるスネルの法則の導出 第1講 ② 2つの原理 PO' O'Q t= + C C 1 + 4x)² + 11 ² + 12 √(x² - 40)² + 1 2- y²² } n₁ 72 に達するとし, 線分OPとy軸のなす角を 01, 線分OQとy軸のなす角を62といて, 4æl, m1, 1, 2, y2に比べて極めて小さい値とし, tの近似値を求める . 2,y2 は正の定数であり, 0000290°である. 4ælを PO′= √(x + 4x)² + y² = √x₁² + y₁² + 2x₁ 4x + (Ax)² 2,y2に比べて極めて小さい値とし, 点O' (4x, 0) を定めれば, 光が点から小項の2乗 (4) は他の項に比べて極めて小さいので無視できる. Qに達する時間 t と, 光が点P から点0を経て点 Qに達する時間もと △t=t-toは0と見なせる. y Y1 Ax O' X2 → O PO√x²+y+2x4x = √x²+ y² ewton の1次近似より、 PO'≒2+y^ 1 + 1 2x4x 2m²+y/2 2x Ax x² + y² つくる (+) αの大きさが1に比べて 極めて小さい場合 (1+α) ≒ 1 + αβ 1 媒質 I x+y/i + AC √x₁² + y₁² Newton の1次近似 Qも同様に近似すれば, T2 媒質Ⅱ 'Q=(2-z)^2+y22≒ x2+222 Ax V2 ここで、 4t=t-to π2 -Y2 x1 ++ 4c+n2 Vπ22+y2 122+y24 (1) このことから、光の屈折におけるスネルの法則, n, sinQ=nsin2 を導け. (√x²+ y²+√x²+ y²) (2) π2 1 Ac Exercise Ans. At = m 2 2+yi + 光が点Pから点Oを経て点Qに達する時間to を求める. 三平方の定理より、 PO= = √√x₁ ² + y² ², OQ = √x²² + y²² が最小到達時間であるから, わずかに屈折点の位置をずらしても到達時間はさして変 わらないゆえに, 時間差4tは微小変位の値に依らず0でよい. 上式より, 真空中の光速度をcとすれば,媒質Iでの光速度は,媒質Ⅱでの光速度は一 21 2 =n2 112 2+ y VIz2+y2 て, ここで、入射角と屈折角の定義から, T2 PO OQ C C to = + = ± ± (m₁ √x² + y² + n₂ √x² + y² 1 2 sin 6 = sin02= n n2 同様に,光が点Pから点0′を経て点Qに達する時間tは, 以上より, スネルの法則 n, sin ₁ = n₂ sinė₂ が導かれた. 58 50 59

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英語 高校生

付箋で貼った2文がどうしてそのような訳になるのかわかりません。

た次の英文を読み, 設問に答えなさい。 (学習院 法学部 2022年) Society is everything. Many of us go through life thinking we are self-made and self-sufficient. Some may credit (or blame) their families for success or failure in life, but rarely do we think about (1) the bigger forces (that determine our destinies - the country we happen to be born in, the social attitudes common at a particular moment in history, the institutions that govern our economy and politics, and the randomness of just plain luck. These wider factors determine the kind of society in which we live and are the most important determinants of our human experience. 2 Consider an example of a life in which society plays a very (X) role. In 2004 I spent time with a family in the Ecuadorian Amazon*. Antonia, my host, had twelve children, and her oldest daughter was about to give birth to her first grandchild. They lived on the edge of the rainforest with no road, electricity, clean water or sanitation*. There was a school, but a considerable distance away, (Y) the children's attendance was irregular However, Antonia was a community health worker and had access via radio* to a doctor in a nearby town who could provide advice to her and others. Apart from this service (arranged by a charity), she and her husband had to be completely self-reliant gathering food from the forest, educating their children on how to survive in their environment. On the rare occasions when they needed something they could not find or make themselves (like a cooking pot), they searched for bits of gold in the Amazon, which they could exchange for goods in a market at the end of a long journey by boat. 3 This may seem like a very extreme and distant example, but it serves to remind us how accustomed we are to the things that living collectively gives us infrastructure, education and health care, laws that enable markets in which we can earn incomes and access goods and services. Antonia and her daughter promised to name the baby (they were Minouche, (2) which was a great honour. I often wonder what kind of life that other Minouche will be having as a result of being born in a very different society. V+ re expecting The way a society is structured has profound consequences for the lives of those living in it and the kinds of opportunity they face. It determines not just their material conditions but also their well-being, relationships and life The structure of society is determined by institutions such astical and legal systems, the economy, the way in which family and community life are organized. All societies choose to have some things left to individuals and others determined collectively. The rules governing how ? those collective institutions operate form what might be called the social contract, which 1 believe is the most important determinant of the kinds of lives we lead. Because it is so important and because most people cannot easily leave their societies, the social contract requires (Z) of the majority and necessary changes ás circumstances change. VF vf ⑤We are living at a time when, in many societies. people feel disappointed by the social contract and (3) the life it offers them. This is despite the huge gains in material progress the world has seen over the last 50 years. Surveys Social contract people

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