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なす多
What is holism()?
The medical professional's view of human beings influences.
the planning and care provided to patients. For years, the health
従事者
長いp
て
提供れる。
care community considered bódy and mind as separate entities,
er year
Now, it is believed that caréPHOViders need to yiēw an individual s
をのてaなす
明電 @
体的に、ああを
as a whole, complete person, not as an assémbly of distinct párts.
Viewed in this light, any distúrbance in one part is a disturbance
of the whole system, the whole being. Therefore, health care pro-
の
体のれれ
fessionals must consider how the part of an individual under
た下にある
concern) relátes to all others and also consider the inferaction 10
and relationship of the individual to the external environment.
This view is called holism, a holistic view of humans.
:生物じ理、社年的が
Humans are an open biòpsychósocial systenm with many inter-
めま
提供する:
related subsystems. In'brder to ptovide appiopriate healthcare
based on a patient's needs, healthcare professionals must focus 15
on the interrelated needs of body, mind, emotion, and spirit.
Abraham Maslow's® theory
It was Abraham Maslow's human needs théory that offered
the frámework for holistic health care. His model includes both
、操供
る的
生理的
心鶏的
怪える
良々に」
physiologic) and psychologic needs, which he arfánges in Order
of importance from those essential for phiysical sufVival to those
necéssary to develop to the füllest human potential9 Lower-level
20
心体
週不可欠
needs must be met to some extent before higher-level needs can
スリ組た、@か。
be addressedio An individual usually persists in trying to meet a
場たす
need until it is met. If a need goes unmet, physical disòrders, 25
psychological“imbalance, or death can
Maslow's five categories of needs, in hiefarchical order.
O Physiologic needs: air, food, water, shelter, rest and sleep,
and temperature maintenance)
eSáfety and secúrity needs: the need to be safe and to feel 30
OCCur.
Below are
野屋eカラーを
所
safe, both in the physical environment and in human rela-
tionships;
8 Loye and belónging" needs: the need for giving and receiv-
ing love and the need for feeling that one atains®) a place in
所属(優)
(7)
脅け人れ
a group;
OSelf-esteem needs: self-esteem® (feelings of indépéndence,
Cumpetence, and self-respect) and estéém from others
Toidon
自等
35
独立性
身する
