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20
Unit 1 - History -
Gutenberg is famous for inventing printing, but he didn't really invent it. He invented a
better way of printing.
[2] For hundreds of years people used blocks of wood* to print. They used a knife to cut
words backward in the block of wood. Then they covered the block with ink and pressed
it onto paper. When they pulled the paper from the inky blocks, the words appeared on the
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5
paper in the right direction. In Korea and China, people printed with metal type* instead of
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wood. (2)Either way, printing was difficult and very slow. It took several years to make one
copy of a book.
[3] Books were very expensive and rare. Only ( 3a ) people could buy them, and ( 3b )
10 people could not read. But, as ( 3c -) people learned to read, books became more popular.
So people wanted to find a quicker, better and less expensive way to print books. One of
these people was Johannes Gutenberg.
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4 Gutenberg was born in Mainz, Germany, around 1400. He was good at working with
metal, but probably had no idea how people printed in China. His idea was to make a piece
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15 of metal type for each letter of the alphabet and use the letters (4)over and over. (5)He could
put the type together to make words and arrange words to make pages. With ink on the
type, he could press paper on them to print a page. A "printing press" machine could make
hundreds of copies of a single page quickly. After that page, he could rearrange the same
letters to make other words and print other pages.
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5 It took Gutenberg a long time to make the type for each letter of the alphabet. When he
finished the type, he didn't have enough money to make the printing press. He borrowed
money from a man named Johann Fust. After many years, Gutenberg's printing press was
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ready. Gutenberg printed his first book, the Bible, around 1455.
6
There are only twenty-one complete copies of the original Bible. They are some of the
25 most expensive books in the world. In 1987, part of a Gutenberg Bible sold for $5.3 million.
7 Today people remember Johannes Gutenberg. The city of Mainz has a statue of him and
a museum. His original printing press is in the museum. (6)They print several pages a day to
show that it is in good condition.
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