12行め なぜ文字数制限を課していたら何らかの素早く簡単にメッセージを打つための新機能が必要なのですか、？ あと右ページの日本語訳の最後の段落が何言ってるかわかりません、そもそも栗田はガラケーの絵文字を作った人ですか？

音読をしよう! 【06 reasone 正 Tiny smiling faces, // hearts, // a knife and fork, // or a clenched fist/ have become a global language for mobile phone messages. // Successors to ancient hieroglyphics, ina sense, // pictures of those emoji are now displayed in the Museum of Modern Art in New York. // Despite their almost universal presence, they started in 1998 with one Japanese man// a then 25-year-old employee of a mobile phone company called NTT DoCoMo, // who created the first set of 176 emoji in one month, // as he rushed to make a deadline. happened to arrive at the idea. // If I hadn't done it, // someone else would have," // said Shigetaka Kurita, // who now is a board member of another technology company in Tokyo. / “Digital messaging was just getting started, // so I was thinking about what was needed. // Here was Kurita's challenge: // NTT DoCoMo's mobile Internet service at that time. // named “i-mode," // limited messages to 250 characters, // which definitely called for some kind of new tool to write quickly and easily. // "Japanese tend to be outstanding when making the most of limitations. // It's a small nation filled with limitations," // said Kurita. // "We do well at carrying out tasks within a framework, // rather than being given a free hand." // In addition, // a message saying / "What are you doing now?" // could be threatening or annoying.// Adding a smiling face, // however, // could calm the tone down. // Kurita collected common images / including public signs, // weather symbols, // and comic book style pictures. // Then, // with simple lines, // he made five faces // happy / angry,/ sad surprised/ and puzzled. // A smiling happy face is still one of his favorites. // Following i-mode's launch in 1999, // the emoji became an immediate hit in Japan. // As we all know, // some visual images cross cultural gaps. // A drop of sweat rolling down a cheek can represent anxiety in almost any culture. // So, it was no surprise that major Western enterprises like Apple or Google / soon made emoji a global phenomenon/ "Perhaps because of the popularity of the iPhone, // Apple's emoji style became extremely influential, // to the point that when most people on this planet think of emoji, /// they bring to mind Apple's," // said Jason Snell, // a technology journalist. // Kurita doesn't care. // The dozen-member team that designed i-mode was making something for Japan, // not for the rest of the world, // long before smartphones were invented. // "Japanese are always too ahead of our time," / Kurita said. // "I think Galapagos is OK. // It's cool" // he said, // referring to the name of the remote Pacific islands with uniquely evolved animals, // used in Japan to describe its own insularity // "After all, / how can Japan hope to win from the start as a global standard? // We always go ahead with our own ways in Japan, // and then people abroad will see it as wonderfully Japanese." // @called chでを訪ねる ②~するほどにまで 存在 Presenti度している 現在の 日本語訳 小さな笑顔//ハート,//ナイフとフォーク, // 握りこぶしは / 携帯電話のメッセージで使わ れる世界共通語となっている。 //古代の象形文字を受け継いでいる, // ある意味では // こういっ 絵文字は今ではほとんど世界中で使われているが, // 最初は1998年に1人の日本人男性から始 た絵文字の画像が現在ニューヨーク近代美術館に展示されている。 // 個の最初の絵文字一式を作り出した//締め切りに間に合うように急いでいたときに。 //「私はた またまこのアイディアに行き着いたんです。 // もし私がやっていなくても、 // 他の誰かがやったこ まったのだった。 //彼は当時25歳の, NTTドコモという携帯電話会社の社員で, //1か月で17 止めている。/「電子メッセージがちょうど始まりつつあるところだったので必要なものを考え とでしょう」 //と栗田崇は述べた。 //彼は現在、東京にある他のテクノロジー企業の取締役を務 ていたのです。」// セージを打つための何らかの新機能が間違いなく必要とされていたのだ。 // 「日本人は制限を最 大限に活用することにかけては傑出している傾向にあります。 //制限でいっぱいの 小さな国です 栗田の挑戦は次のようなものだった。 // 当時のNTTドコモの携帯インターネットサービスは、 「iモード」という/メッセージに250文字の文字数制限を課していたので、素早く簡単にメッ から」 // と栗田は述べた。 // 「私たちは枠組みの中で業務を遂行するほうがうまくいくのです// 由裁量に任されるよりも。」// さらに,//･･･というメッセージは/「今何してるの?」 // 脅すような雰囲気になったり、うっとう しがられたりしかねない。 // 笑顔を付け加えれば, // しかし//トーンを和らげられるかもしれな い。// 栗田は、 よく使われる画像を集めた/公共の標識・・・などの、 // 天気記号//漫画風イラスト// それから/シンプルな線で, //彼は5つの顔を作った。 // 嬉しそうな顔 /怒っている/ 悲しそうな顔, /驚いている顔, / そして困っている顔である。 // 嬉しそうに笑っている頭は今 でも彼のお気に入りの1つだ。 // 1999年にiモードのサービスが開始されたのに続いて 字は日本ですぐにヒットした。 // 知っての通り、視覚イメージの中には文化の隔たりを超えるものもある。 頬を伝って落 る1滴の汗は、不安を表し得るほとんどあらゆる文化において。そのため、AppleやGoogleの ような西洋の大手企業が…ことは驚くようなことではなかった/絵文字をすぐに世界的な現象にし た。 // 「おそらく iPhone の人気によって, // Appleの絵文字スタイルがきわめて有力となり、 地球上のほとんどの人が、 絵文字といえば･･･ほどでしょう/Appleの絵文字を思い浮かべる と、ジェイソン・スネルは述べた//技術ジャーナリストの Lesson 6 たのであって、 //世界の他の国々のために作っていたわけではないのだ/スマートフォンが発明 されるずっと前// 「日本人はいつも、時代の先を行き過ぎているのです」と栗田は述べた 栗田は気にしていない。//iモードを設計した12人組のチームは日本のために何かを作ってい ラパゴス携帯 [ガラパゴス文化] はよいと思いますよ。 // かっこいいです」と彼は言い/ 自に進化した動物が住んでいる遠く離れた太平洋の諸島の名前を出したその孤立した環境を表 すために日本で使われている。 // 「そもそも日本が、 どうして最初から世界標準規格として勝つ ことが見込めるでしょうか(見込めるはずがありません)。私たちは常に日本独自のやり方で めていきすると海外の人々がそれを非常に日本的だとみなすのです。｣// 12 112 113

なぜ、過去分詞が後ろに置かれる文になるのですか?

命 (5)与えられた語句を使って文を2つ作りなさい。 (given / two sentences/make/ with the words / .) 50 修飾語句が1 それが一時 後ろに置いて Make two sentences with the words given. (6) 残された2分があります。 (are / there / left / two minutes / . ) 自然な日本語では 「残り2分です」 There are two minutes left.bevel lite i ti Don't forget. You still have 2 more nanes

受動態の問題です。教えてください。よろしくお願いします

1. 次の文の( )に入る適当な語句を①~⑩ から選びなさい。 (1) A: Yoshiko, you are ( ) on the phone. asked spoken rung wanted B: I'll be right there. (2) We can't play basketball yet because the sports hall (). still repair is still repaired have planned is still repairing is still being repaired [北海学園大) [大阪経済大 ] [同志社女子大] (3) Educational reforms ( ) to begin this year. have been planned are planning being planned (4) Our professor is known ( about in 3 for (5) The national team's victory ( ) by the new coaching staff. was possible made be made possible ) his teaching skills. to was made possible [関西学院大 ] [神奈川大] possibly be made

文法問題 選択問題で、答えが much more になるのはなぜですか？

He revised the badly written essay extensively. It is still not perfect, but it is certainly ( ) imperfect. 1. much less 2. much more 3. not less 4. even more

文法問題 誤りを直す問題で Bが誤りで、were をwas 直すのはなぜですか？

Seeing that eight out of every ten voters were still undecided, the editor demanded that A B the paper not make predictions about the election yet. D C

時制の問題です。教えてください。

1.次の文の( )に入る適当な語句を①~⑥から選びなさい。 (1) Robert ( ) ill for three weeks. He's still in hospital. had been @has been O is will be (創価大) (2) Computer networks and new tools of communication ( ) changed the life of college students [神奈川大〕 have been have > were are (3) Frank ( ) Utah in 1996 and ( left-worked > in Oregon since then. left-has worked has left-was worked has left-worked (4) The meeting today ( will have finished ) by the time I get to the office. finishes will finish [札幌大 has finished [ 青山学院大 ]

答えあっていますでしょうか🥲🥲

21. A Why don't we finish it next week? bral binon I soul odi at inom II: A SS B Do you think there's enough time? A Bill can help us then. B( ) 1 It's his sister's. Jol som glad bluow if abum on y gribbbl noy 2 They didn't say. 3 Sounds good to me. in 22. (At a department store) A Good morning. May I help you? ),40:8 anols woy 9780 4 Takes one to know one.mem doy ob) fellos 10m emos juoda woH: 9liM .8S xBab B: Yes. I'm looking for a Father's Day present. A Have you thought about a nice tie? B: ( 1 Hmmm... That sounds good. 3 I'm not in the mood. ): σmT qiellore. So lloria: A .es ②I beg your pardon! lo sin 4 All right. No problem. 23. A: There you are! I was beginning to worry. Is everything OK? won 〈阪南大〉 918 9W A .08 B I am sorry. The traffic was really bad. Did we miss the beginning of the movie? A: I think it has been playing for a few minutes. We could still go in, but I heard that something important happens at the very beginning.ino trods woH (1) GLB: Oh, ( ). Why don't we wait for the next show? We could kill time in a coffee shop. 2 that's too bad ①let's go in now tzen god 3 I shouldn't have 4 you can come earlier 24. Kazu: Hi Kenji, what's wrong with you? You look like you're in pain. 38. Kenji : Yeah, I hurt my left foot during a soccer game yesterday. Pa) Kazu: ( ) Do you need any help? d gui Kenji Oh, I'm fine. But thank you for asking. ☐ 〈日本大〉 sh loadA ① lyldiean (①I'm sorry to hear that. 09. 3 Why not? 25. (On the street) el 2 Never mind. 4 You're welcome. .nialquoo ---- ): 58 < 鶴見大〉 aniq m 992 Boy bely mydis A: Hi. Could you point me in the direction of the nearest bus stop? 10: dis B It's over there. It's a bit of a walk. 910 99gaib tablo ID EU) A: Do you happen to know which bus goes to Asahiyama Zoo? J'nbinow 1 B 1 Let me know. 3 You are welcome. I'll walk you there and we can check it out. me way saw woll: A C☐ 2 Why don't you ask them? 4 No idea. ): & to M 〈北海道工業大〉 Tog Hoy bib W 26. A Do you know where and when movable type was invented? B( ) Telling! ①I don't have even a guess. 41. lil a'i jodw cobi on svad I 2 I don't have a good memory of that. * 3 I don't have the correct answer. 362 21 no absqa 4 I don't have the slightest idea. <早稲田大〉

(3)長文問題の一部です そのこと は、なぜ、The thingではなく、Thatなのですか？ A. That makes the trains more beautiful.

2 次の英文は,高校生の和樹 (Kazuki) とフィリピン (the Philippines) 出身のベン (Ben) との鉄道 (railway) に関する会話である。 この英文を読んで (1)~(6)の問いに答えなさい。(16点) Kazuki : I hear you like railways. I like railways, too. Ben : Really? Yes! I'm *especially interested in Japanese railways because old Japanese trains are running in the Philippines. Kazuki: Old Japanese trains? A Ben : Yes. Some Japanese people enjoyed watching the old Japanese trains and taking pictures of them in the Philippines. Kazuki: That ( @ ) nice! Ben : Many old Japanese trains are running in some other countries, too. Japanese trains are popular because of their good "quality. Kazuki Our trains are loved "abroad! B Also, I think "reusing things is good. Ben : That's right. Some trains are reused in Japan, too. Kazuki : Oh, really? Ben : Yes. Some of the old trains from the Hibiya Line in Tokyo are now running on the *Hokuriku Rail Road. Kazuki I see. I didn't know that! Ben : One of my good friends likes railways, too. He told me about it ( Kanazawa with him. ) I went to Kazuki: The trains on the Hibiya Line have a *silver *design, right? Ben : Yes, but it "changed. Now it's an orange design. It's the *symbolic color of the Hokuriku Rail Road. Kazuki : Railway lines have their own colors. The symbolic colors of the *Ainokaze Toyama Railway are blue and green. Ben : Blue is the *image of the sea and green is the image of nature like mountains and trees, right? Kazuki: Yes. The designs on the *left and right sides of the train have different colors. Did you know that? Ben : No, I didn't. ( (C) ) are they different? Kazuki : If you look at the side with the blue design, you can see the sea in the *background of the train. If you look at the side with the green design, you can see the mountains in the background of the train. Ben : Wonderful! The design of each side of the train and its background have the same image. I want to take pictures of the trains with the beautiful background.

答えあっていますでしょうか🥲🥲

S 34. A dying man caught me ( ) the sleeve. cotch A by the sleeve Anzz 1 of 2 in (3 by 4 about 〈日本工業大) ) of the bad weather, it was impossible to climb the mountain. On account of A ①On account <理由> 35( い = because of A 2 Despite ③In spite 36. Our visit to the south of China was put off ( A①resulting ②reasoning 4 A kind Aの理由で女子美術大 owing to Aの理由で 〈関西外国語大 ) to my grandfather's ill health. An 3 accounting ④owing 37. We could not leave Narita International Airport on time (m) the strong wind. ⑰due due to 38. ( 2 off 3 without ) Tom, who introduced me to a good doctor, I recovered very quickly. 1 Because 2 Talking of 3 Owing ) the bad weather, our group kept on working outdoors. 19 Ap up to due to A Aの理由で Thanks to Thanks to A (*) Aの理由で <諫歩> □ 39.( 1 In case of 3 Despite of ② In spite of A 4 In the case of Aにもかかわらず = despite A netgo 〈名古屋工業大) 40. ( ) his learning, he still knew little about the matter. 1 Ahead of 2 Due to 41. ( ) his riches, he is not happy. 2 For all 1 In short 920 with all A Art" ④Together with ol < 東京電機大 〉 is ④According to 〈 花園大〉 For all A Alitaping" 3 In addition 3 With all

答えあってますでしょうか😭😭42番の訳がわかりません、、🥲🥲

So 42. Tell me your cellphone number ( ① in order to 2 in case 3 so that I can keep in touch with you. 9104 as if So that s con do Sが~するために(城西大) 43. ( ) tomorrow, our soccer game will be called off. in case~する場合に備えて 中止される ① If it will rain ② Unless it rains ③ Whether it rains ④in case it rains 私の目で見える範囲では 〈高知大 制限 ① long ② much 時間の 制限 (3 fare 何がやるべきことがある限りあなたはそれをたのしめるだろう 範井の44. AS ( ) as my eyes can see, nothing can be seen but sand. as far as Scan see (訳) ( you have to do something, you might as well enjoy doing it. 45. ① As far as ④ distant Sの見渡す限(山梨学院大) ②As long as but ③ As soon as ④ As many as 摂南大〉 ~している間 (時)いる間口 46. My car was stolen ( ① during ② until ) we were having dinner in the restaurant. 進行形 ③while 4 between 〈南山大 〉 <対比 一方 Pereas =whereas <> 47. Why are some people allergic to eggs, peanuts or animal fur, (c) others are not? アレルギ 毛皮 through/Although ① While 1 because ②while 3 so だけれども48円( にもかかわらず <例>4( 私たちが地球での独自の立場を意識するようになると ) scientists know why earthquakes happen, they are still not able to predict them. ② Whether ③ So CY 4 What as if babbub 〈日本大〉 まだ 予測する ~するにつれて 他の種に対する責任感がより深くなる。 deeper sense of <亜細亜大 > ) more aware of our unique place on Earth, we develop 比較級といっしょいつかれる多 responsibility toward other species, ① As we become If we became uniaoh fo② Since we became ④ We become < 神奈川大 >