問2についてです。 解説の黄色の線が引いてあるところが理解できません。

次の英文を読んで, (1) Considerable attention has been paid to the size or relative size of the human brain. The first point of interest is that the ratio of brain weight to body is at a maximum at birth and decreases with age, reaching a fairly steady level by maturity. In other 5 words, newborn babies have very large brains, relatively speaking, weighing some 300 grams. This is roughly the size of the brain Children and their brains continue of an adult male chimpanzee. to grow for many years, gradually increasing their ability to learn and remember. There have been suggestions that the growth of 10 the brains of children is not steady, but occurs suddenly, each period of rapid growth ( 2 ) associated with a particularly important developmental or intellectual stage. These stages could be the ability to reason abstractly, to talk, or even to do arithmetic. The idea of sudden brain growth is still around, but 15 has not attracted much enthusiasm. Some research has shown differences in the relative sizes of the brains of males and females of the same age, but so far no great differences have been found between people of the same age but of different ethnic groups. Obviously the brain of a 20 small Japanese teenager is very much smaller than that of a giant Russian boy. But when brain size is adjusted for size or weight of the body, there ( 3 ) great advantage for either with respect to intelligence. Moreover, in measuring intelligence one has, of course, to take into account the effects of education 25 and cultural background. (4) Individual brain sizes, particularly of famous people, have also 10

1文目の has been paid ってどういう意味ですか？

構文·語句解説《 - 第1段落 Considerable attention has been paid to the size or relative size of the human brain. inst point of interest is that the ratio of brain weight to body is at a maximum at Ortn and decreases with age, reaching a fairly steady level by maturity.SIn other words, newborn babies have very large brains. relatively speaking, weighing some 300 grams. Is is roughly the size of the brain of an adult male chimpanzee. 5Children and their ams contnue to grow for many years, gradually increasing their ability to learn and remember. 6There have been suggestions that the growth of the brains of children iS not steady, but occurs suddenly, each period of rapid growth being associated with a particularly important developmental or intellectual stage. 7These stages could be the abihty to reason abstractly, to talk, or even to do arithmetic. SThe idea of sudden brain Erowth is still around, but has not attracted much enthusiasm. 1人間の脳の大きさ, あるいは相対的な大きさがかなり注目されてきた。2興味深い第1の点 ,身体に対する脳の重量の比率が出生時に最も大きく,年齢とともに減少し,成熟するまで こほぼ一定の水準に到達するということである。言い換えれば, 新生児は, およそ300グラム いう,相対的に言えば, 非常に大きな脳をしている。 4これはおよそ, 成長した雄のチンパン ーの脳の大きさである。 5子供とその脳は何年もの間成長を続け,徐々に学習能力や記憶力を めていく。6子供の脳の発達は一定ではなく, 突発的に起き, 急激な成長のそれぞれの段階が に重要な発達や知的段階と結びついているという提言がたびたびなされてきた。7こうした段 とは、抽象的に考えたり, 話をしたり,さらには計算したりする能力であるかもしれない。 発的な脳の成長という考えは今でもあるが,あまり強い関心を集めてはいない。

傍線部の部分の訳でなぜ2枚目のようになるのでしょうか？ 『結びつけられ、切り替えられる事を学ぶ。』としてしまったのですが、受動とandの使われ方がイマイチわかりません。 詳しく説明をお願いしたいです。

The same shift happened with( A )generations. Chambers figured that. children learn “zee" from the alphabet song and American children's television 1opu6) OD programs like Sesame Street, but when they get older, they learn that “zed” is associated with Canadian identity and switch. Indeed, noted Chambers, “zed"

この長文の①に入る単語を選ぶ問題で自分はエが1番自然だと思うのですが、不安なのでどなたか教えてくださるとありがたいです。

特殊構文 文法項目 fireworks remain an important part of celebrations in China. In particular, you are ' Fireworks were invented by the Chinese in the seventh century. To this day, C) Houses of Parliament (the meeting place of the British government) with enough 一*gunpowder to destroy the building and kill everyone inside it, including the king In the United Kingdom, fireworks are usually only seen in the first week of November each year. On November fifth, 1605, g Guy Fawkes was caught under *the テーマ 文明·風俗 UNIT 13 O Track 78-80 Reading almost certain to see fireworks during the Spring Festival, otherwise known . Chinese New Year. ©only in the past several centuries, however, ( ① 5 custom of viewing fireworks spread to countries all over the world. For the Japanese, fireworks are commonly viewed in the summer. In fact. on on.. given day of the summer season, you are likely to find a publically organized fireworks display somewhere in Japan. Many people wear traditional summer kimonos or yukata, and enjoy foods and sweets bought from *open-air stalls while watching the 10 fireworks in the night sky. The first fireworks were seen in Japan in 1733. Currently, the biggest fireworks display in Japan is held in Nagano prefecture, where about 39,000 explosions light up the sky. In America, fireworks are closely associated with two important annual events. 79 The first of these events is New Year's Eve. As the clock strikes midnight and 5 people welcome the New Year, fireworks light up the sky, which lets everyone know that the New Year has begun. The fireworks in *Times Square, New York are especially famous and live on TV across the nation. The second event is the Fourth of July, commonly known as *Independence Day. On this day, all Americans celebrate their freedom from the *British Empire and the birth of their country. Moo。 of the fireworks on this night are red, white, and blue in color iust like the flag o! b American's country. aningtai 3 Every year, around November fifth, people on fireworks shows to acroga

英語の正誤問題です。教えてほしいです。

|4 次の英文の下線部の中で誤りを含むものを1つ選び,その番号をマークしなさい。 胆 TWA りが無い場合は, NO ERROR の番号をマークしなさい。or wedi atf7 (1) I think everybody in my aclass ohave a good @opinion of ome. oNO ERROR ア 9no ss1 To 1od b'ooY (2) oElevated physical activity can help you lose weight and reduce @your risk of developing many of the illnesses gassociated with obesity. NO ERROR slfondmu s sn l rsobreow ] イ 1MODgen TL]Pporgg so zagp 2om (3) Research min genetics and DNA «having had a profound influence Gon the direction of treatment for ga large number of diseases. 6NO ERROR sld od revon Ttro Stasata odtao olgosg mort a19ylh 9let ayewis ob vdV ウ s ts tee of (4) Having ofinished his term paper gbefore the gdeadline, git was delivered to the professor sbefore the class. @NO ERROR botring vbretle91s ateyi ot エ qode bif TL opoga sccebyoq speul w gpe p A (5) The sum of oall echemical reactions in ean organism's living cells gare called Gits metabolism. @NO ERROROV fnob algoo fons eYRE btadl ati tagw eldirod didb uo to! オ toum oot o bragelb uo Jadi slaidly o/ Jnob tud @ Dphon pung boeapje po pep enstApogA on ece' pontp,

赤下線の英文のbeing associated~はなぜ分詞構文になるのか分かりそうな方よろしくお願いします。

> 構文·語句解説 h 第1段落 IConsiderable attention has been paid to the size or relative size of the human brain. The first point of interest is that the ratio of brain weight to body is at a maXimum at birth and decreases with age, reaching a fairly steady level by maturity. 3In other wOras, newborn babies have very large brains, relatively speaking, weighing some 300 grans. *This is roughly the size of the brain of an adult male chimpanzee. 5Children and their brains continue to grow for many years, gradually increasing their ability to learn and remember. There have been suggestions that the growth of the brains of children is not steady, but occurs suddenly, each period of rapid growth being associated with a particularly important developmental or intellectual stage. 7These stages could be the ability to reason abstraculy, to taik, or cven to do aritnmetic. SThe idea of sudden brain growth is still around, but has not attracted much enthusiasm. 1人間の脳の大きさ,あるいは相対的な大きさがかなり注目されてきた。 2興味深い第1の点 は,身体に対する脳の重量の比率が出生時に最も大きく, 年齢とともに減少し, 成熟するまで にほぼ一定の水準に到達するということである。言い換えれば,新生児は, およそ300グラム

下から2行目のbecauseからの文の has to haveの文構造教えてください！

同格のthat precisely as the probability of a fair dice coming up six]. Decision 動名詞の主語 動名詞 S making(under uncertainty) is more complicated [than decision M V C M making under risk], [because each outcome has to have not just a M not just A but (also) B 「AだけではなくBも」 probability, but a probability distribution associated with it]. 過去分詞の名詞修飾 each outcomeを指す

2にはdisinterested、3にはfalseが入ります。 この文章の最後のThe ideaからの1文が、意味も、falseが入る理由もわかりません。 よろしくお願いします🙏

Play and art are alike in that both activities appear superficially at any rate>to lack the compulsion associated with biological necessity. We seem not to have to play in order to survivé; nor are we obviously compelled to paint pictures, compose music, or sculpt statues. Although one can imagine that a man might be forced by S. another to create sómething, it is generally true that art is a voluntary activity, and that creativity_flourishes best (in the absence of compulsion. The same is true óf play. \For, although one might compel a child to play a game\against his will, the game will straightaway lose one of the characteristics)that makes(it play. If it is accepted that both play and art are essentiarty voluntary, it follows that both are generally( 2 )activites. | Although games. can be turned into ways of makinga living by those who are particularly skilful players, (hey do not originate in this way. Although creative productionv may turn out to be financially rewarding, men do not primarily engage in it for the sake of financial gain. Both games and werks,of art stand somewhat outside the ordinary course of life, and 'do not appear to be associated with the immediate satisfaction of wants and appetites. The idea that a novelist, for example, could sit down and write a popular romance for cash with her tongue in her cheek is almost certainly( 3 ).

1️⃣の文で、訳例では、 有名な暗殺、殺人、あるいは悲惨な事件に関連する場所は観光客を引きつける。 とありましたが、私は、 場所は有名な暗殺と関連づけられて、殺人や悲惨な事故は観光客を引き寄せます。 と訳しました。私の訳し方ではダメですか？それとも訳例が意訳しすぎなんですか？

7 英文分析O別冊 p.7 Locations associated with famous assassinations, murders or tragic accidents attract tourists. 12 In London, for instance,

The decline〜の文のmustって何ですか??

experience their own *growth spurts. Civlization will not sink into the sea(if and when that happeps. The decline 6f the use of English around the world does 1ot mean the values associated todaywith its spread must decline. Ultimately, 70 democracy, international trade, and economic development can flourish in any